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Updated Apr 11, 2026
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Migracije i urbanizacija u Evropi: Uzroci i posledice
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Osnovni pojmovi o migracijama
Kada se tvoj rođak preseli iz sela u Beograd ili komšija ode da radi u Nemačku - to su migracije. To je jednostavno preseljenje ljudi iz jednog mesta u drugo, što se dešava oduvek i menja broj stanovnika u različitim krajevima.
Da bi savladaš ovu lekciju, zapamti tri glavna pojma. Emigracija je kada neko odlazi iz svoje zemlje . Imigracija je kada neko dolazi u neku zemlju . Migracioni saldo pokazuje da li je više ljudi došlo ili otišlo - u Srbiji je uglavnom negativan jer više ljudi odlazi.
Urbanizacija je proces kada se gradovi povećavaju, uglavnom jer ljudi dolaze iz sela. To nije samo rast broja stanovnika, već i širenje gradskog načina života na nova područja.
Zapamti: Stepen urbanizacije u razvijenim evropskim zemljama je preko 80% - to znači da 8 od 10 ljudi živi u gradovima!
Vrste migracija koje moraš da znaš
Migracije nisu sve iste - možeš ih podeliti na više načina i ova podela je često na testovima. Unutrašnje migracije se dešavaju unutar jedne države (najčešće selo → grad), dok se spoljne migracije dešavaju između različitih zemalja.
Prema trajanju, postoje stalne migracije kada se ljudi presele zauvek i privremene kada odu na neko vreme. Naši "gastarbajteri" koji su radili u Nemačkoj su primer privremenih migracija.
Najvažnija podela je prema uzroku. Dobrovoljne migracije su kada ljudi sami biraju da se sele, obično zbog boljeg posla. Prisilne migracije su kada moraju da beže zbog rata, prirodnih katastrofa ili progona - takve ljude zovemo izbeglice.
Bitno za test: Ekonomski razlog (posao, plata) je ubedljivo najčešći uzrok migracija danas!
Uzroci i posledice migracija
Zašto se ljudi uopšte sele? Ekonomski uzroci su najčešći - ljudi traže bolje poslove i veće plate, kao medicinska sestra iz Srbije koja ode u Nemačku. Politički uzroci su ratovi i progon, kao izbeglice iz Sirije ili Ukrajine.
Prirodni uzroci su katastrofe poput zemljotresa, dok lični uzroci mogu biti školovanje ili spajanje porodice. Student iz Vranja koji dođe da studira u Beograd je primer ličnog uzroka.
Posledice su drugačije za zemlje iz kojih se odlazi i one u koje se dolazi. Srbija gubi mlade i obrazovane ljude ("odliv mozgova"), села se prazne, stanovništvo stari. Zemlje u koje ljudi dolaze dobijaju radnu snagu i kulturnu raznolikost, ali mogu imati probleme s prenaseljenošću.
Za testove: Zapamti da "odliv mozgova" znači da odlaze najobrazovaniji ljudi - lekari, inženjeri, programeri!
Urbanizacija u Evropi
Evropa je jedan od najurbanizovanijih kontinenata na svetu - u Zapadnoj Evropi preko 80% ljudi živi u gradovima! Ovaj proces je počeo sa Industrijskom revolucijom u 19. veku kada su ljudi napuštali sela da rade u fabrikama.
Veliki gradovi imaju svoje probleme: saobraćajne gužve, zagađenje vazduha, buku, nedostatak parking mesta i visoke cene stanova. Zato nastaju aglomeracije - veliki gradovi spojeni sa prigradskim naseljima, kao Beograd sa Pančevom.
Najvći urbani kompleksi su megalopolisi - ogromna urbana područja gde se spojilo više velikih gradova. U Evropi postoji "Plava banana" koja se proteže od Engleske do severne Italije.
Zanimljivost: Proces urbanizacije nije samo rast gradova, već i promena načina života - gradske porodice imaju manje dece i drugačije poslove!
Primeri koji ti objašnjavaju sve
Evo primera koji će ti pomoći da razumeš teoriju. Ana završava srednju u Ivanjici i seli se u Novi Sad da studira - to je unutrašnja migracija iz ličnih i ekonomskih razloga. Ivanjica gubi mladu osobu, Novi Sad dobija budućeg stručnjaka.
Porodica Petrović iz Beograda seli se u Dablin jer je otac-programer dobio posao sa duplo većom platom. To je spoljna, dobrovoljna, stalna migracija iz ekonomskih razloga. Srbija gubi visokoobrazovanog stručnjaka ("odliv mozgova"), Irska dobija potrebnog radnika.
Važno je da razlikuješ emigraciju (odlazak) od imigracije (dolazak) i da zapamtiš da je Evropa imigracioni kontinent - više ljudi dolazi nego što odlazi. Ali unutar Evrope, iz Istočne Evrope (uključujući Srbiju) ljudi uglavnom odlaze na Zapad.
Praktičan savet: Kada rešavaš zadatke, uvek se pitaj - ko se seli, odakle, kuda, zašto i kakve su posledice!
Kratak pregled za ponavljanje
Evo brzog pregleda svih ključnih pojmova koje moraš da znaš. Migracija je kretanje ljudi, emigracija je iseljavanje (izlaz), imigracija je useljavanje (ulaz). Glavni uzrok migracija je ekonomski, a glavna posledica za Srbiju je "odliv mozgova" i starenje stanovništva.
Urbanizacija je rast gradova kroz preseljenje sa sela u grad. Evropa je visoko urbanizovana sa stepenom urbanizacije preko 80% u razvijenim zemljama. Aglomeracija je grad sa prigradskim naseljima, a megalopolis su spojeni veliki gradovi.
Sada kada znaš sve ove pojmove, lako ćeš prepoznati migracije oko sebe i razumeti zašto se gradovi razvijaju kako se razvijaju. Geografia nije samo teorija - to je objašnjenje sveta u kome živiš!
Poslednji savet: Vežbaj na primerima iz svakodnevnog života - tako ćeš lakše zapamtiti i na testu aplicirati znanje!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Geografija
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Migracije i urbanizacija u Evropi: Uzroci i posledice
Migracije i urbanizacija oblikuju današnji svet - možda se i tvoja porodica nekad selila ili znaš nekoga ko je otišao u drugi grad ili zemlju. Razumevanje zašto se ljudi sele i kako to utiče na gradove je ključno za geografiju... Show more
Osnovni pojmovi o migracijama
Kada se tvoj rođak preseli iz sela u Beograd ili komšija ode da radi u Nemačku - to su migracije. To je jednostavno preseljenje ljudi iz jednog mesta u drugo, što se dešava oduvek i menja broj stanovnika u različitim krajevima.
Da bi savladaš ovu lekciju, zapamti tri glavna pojma. Emigracija je kada neko odlazi iz svoje zemlje . Imigracija je kada neko dolazi u neku zemlju . Migracioni saldo pokazuje da li je više ljudi došlo ili otišlo - u Srbiji je uglavnom negativan jer više ljudi odlazi.
Urbanizacija je proces kada se gradovi povećavaju, uglavnom jer ljudi dolaze iz sela. To nije samo rast broja stanovnika, već i širenje gradskog načina života na nova područja.
Zapamti: Stepen urbanizacije u razvijenim evropskim zemljama je preko 80% - to znači da 8 od 10 ljudi živi u gradovima!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
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Join milions of students
Vrste migracija koje moraš da znaš
Migracije nisu sve iste - možeš ih podeliti na više načina i ova podela je često na testovima. Unutrašnje migracije se dešavaju unutar jedne države (najčešće selo → grad), dok se spoljne migracije dešavaju između različitih zemalja.
Prema trajanju, postoje stalne migracije kada se ljudi presele zauvek i privremene kada odu na neko vreme. Naši "gastarbajteri" koji su radili u Nemačkoj su primer privremenih migracija.
Najvažnija podela je prema uzroku. Dobrovoljne migracije su kada ljudi sami biraju da se sele, obično zbog boljeg posla. Prisilne migracije su kada moraju da beže zbog rata, prirodnih katastrofa ili progona - takve ljude zovemo izbeglice.
Bitno za test: Ekonomski razlog (posao, plata) je ubedljivo najčešći uzrok migracija danas!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Uzroci i posledice migracija
Zašto se ljudi uopšte sele? Ekonomski uzroci su najčešći - ljudi traže bolje poslove i veće plate, kao medicinska sestra iz Srbije koja ode u Nemačku. Politički uzroci su ratovi i progon, kao izbeglice iz Sirije ili Ukrajine.
Prirodni uzroci su katastrofe poput zemljotresa, dok lični uzroci mogu biti školovanje ili spajanje porodice. Student iz Vranja koji dođe da studira u Beograd je primer ličnog uzroka.
Posledice su drugačije za zemlje iz kojih se odlazi i one u koje se dolazi. Srbija gubi mlade i obrazovane ljude ("odliv mozgova"), села se prazne, stanovništvo stari. Zemlje u koje ljudi dolaze dobijaju radnu snagu i kulturnu raznolikost, ali mogu imati probleme s prenaseljenošću.
Za testove: Zapamti da "odliv mozgova" znači da odlaze najobrazovaniji ljudi - lekari, inženjeri, programeri!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Urbanizacija u Evropi
Evropa je jedan od najurbanizovanijih kontinenata na svetu - u Zapadnoj Evropi preko 80% ljudi živi u gradovima! Ovaj proces je počeo sa Industrijskom revolucijom u 19. veku kada su ljudi napuštali sela da rade u fabrikama.
Veliki gradovi imaju svoje probleme: saobraćajne gužve, zagađenje vazduha, buku, nedostatak parking mesta i visoke cene stanova. Zato nastaju aglomeracije - veliki gradovi spojeni sa prigradskim naseljima, kao Beograd sa Pančevom.
Najvći urbani kompleksi su megalopolisi - ogromna urbana područja gde se spojilo više velikih gradova. U Evropi postoji "Plava banana" koja se proteže od Engleske do severne Italije.
Zanimljivost: Proces urbanizacije nije samo rast gradova, već i promena načina života - gradske porodice imaju manje dece i drugačije poslove!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Primeri koji ti objašnjavaju sve
Evo primera koji će ti pomoći da razumeš teoriju. Ana završava srednju u Ivanjici i seli se u Novi Sad da studira - to je unutrašnja migracija iz ličnih i ekonomskih razloga. Ivanjica gubi mladu osobu, Novi Sad dobija budućeg stručnjaka.
Porodica Petrović iz Beograda seli se u Dablin jer je otac-programer dobio posao sa duplo većom platom. To je spoljna, dobrovoljna, stalna migracija iz ekonomskih razloga. Srbija gubi visokoobrazovanog stručnjaka ("odliv mozgova"), Irska dobija potrebnog radnika.
Važno je da razlikuješ emigraciju (odlazak) od imigracije (dolazak) i da zapamtiš da je Evropa imigracioni kontinent - više ljudi dolazi nego što odlazi. Ali unutar Evrope, iz Istočne Evrope (uključujući Srbiju) ljudi uglavnom odlaze na Zapad.
Praktičan savet: Kada rešavaš zadatke, uvek se pitaj - ko se seli, odakle, kuda, zašto i kakve su posledice!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Kratak pregled za ponavljanje
Evo brzog pregleda svih ključnih pojmova koje moraš da znaš. Migracija je kretanje ljudi, emigracija je iseljavanje (izlaz), imigracija je useljavanje (ulaz). Glavni uzrok migracija je ekonomski, a glavna posledica za Srbiju je "odliv mozgova" i starenje stanovništva.
Urbanizacija je rast gradova kroz preseljenje sa sela u grad. Evropa je visoko urbanizovana sa stepenom urbanizacije preko 80% u razvijenim zemljama. Aglomeracija je grad sa prigradskim naseljima, a megalopolis su spojeni veliki gradovi.
Sada kada znaš sve ove pojmove, lako ćeš prepoznati migracije oko sebe i razumeti zašto se gradovi razvijaju kako se razvijaju. Geografia nije samo teorija - to je objašnjenje sveta u kome živiš!
Poslednji savet: Vežbaj na primerima iz svakodnevnog života - tako ćeš lakše zapamtiti i na testu aplicirati znanje!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user