Migracije su jedno od najvažnijih demografskih pitanja današnjice i direktno... Show more
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Updated Apr 8, 2026
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Migracije su jedno od najvažnijih demografskih pitanja današnjice i direktno... Show more







Verovatno si već čuo termine kao što su "gastarbajteri" ili "odliv mozgova" - sve to su primeri migracija, odnosno prostornog kretanja stanovništva. Migracije su, uz prirodni priraštaj, glavni faktor koji određuje koliko ljudi živi u nekom mestu.
Migrant je svaka osoba koja učestvuje u ovom procesu. Kada neko emigrira (odlazi iz zemlje), ta osoba je emigrant za svoju matičnu zemlju. Kada imigrira (dolazi u novu zemlju), postaje imigrant za zemlju u koju dolazi.
Migracioni saldo ti pokazuje da li neko područje dobija ili gubi stanovništvo - to je razlika između broja ljudi koji dolaze i onih koji odlaze. Srbija, na primer, ima negativan migracioni saldo jer više ljudi odlazi nego što dolazi.
💡 Zapamti: Push faktori te "guraju" da odeš (nezaposlenost, rat), a pull faktori te "privlače" negde (bolji posao, sigurnost).

Najmasovnije unutrašnje migracije su preseljenja selo-grad, što se zove deruralizacija. Ovaj proces je posebno intenzivan bio kod nas nakon Drugog svetskog rata kada su ljudi masovno odlazili u Beograd, Novi Sad i druge gradove zbog industrijalizacije.
Suprotan proces je ruralizacija , koji je redak i karakterističan za razvijene zemlje. Spoljne migracije prelaze državne granice i mogu biti intrakontinentalne (unutar Evrope) ili interkontinentalne (između kontinenata).
Prema uzroku, ekonomske migracije su najčešće - ljudi odlaze zbog boljeg posla i zarade. Političke migracije nastaju zbog ratova i progona, a takve osobe se zovu izbeglice. Prisilne migracije su najgore jer ljudi nemaju izbora.
💡 Razlika: Izbeglica beži od rata/progona i ima pravo na zaštitu, ekonomski migrant odlazi dobrovoljno zbog boljeg života.

Zemlje iz kojih ljudi odlaze suočavaju se sa ozbiljnim izazovima. Demografske posledice uključuju smanjenje broja stanovnika i starenje populacije jer uglavnom odlaze mladi ljudi. Najgori problem je "odliv mozgova" - odlazak visokoobrazovanih stručnjaka.
Sa ekonomske strane, situacija je složena. Pozitivno je što se smanjuje nezaposlenost i što migranti šalju doznake (novac porodicama), što je značajan prihod. Negativno je što se gubi kvalifikovana radna snaga i zapuštaju se poljoprivredna područja.
Socio-kulturne posledice uključuju raspad porodičnih veza i gašenje sela. Međutim, kada se ljudi vrate, donose nova znanja, veštine i kapital.
💡 Primer: Naši "gastarbajteri" iz 60-ih i 70-ih su slali doznake koje su bile vitalne za domaću ekonomiju.

Zemlje u koje ljudi dolaze imaju drugačije probleme i koristi. Demografski, dobijaju povećanje broja stanovnika i podmlađivanje populacije jer dolaze mladi, radno sposobni ljudi koji popunjavaju demografske "rupe".
Ekonomske koristi uključuju popunjavanje radnih mesta (posebno onih koje domaći radnici ne žele), rast BDP-a i nove poruke obveznike. Međutim, može doći do pritiska na tržište rada i povećanih troškova za zdravstvo i školstvo.
Socio-kulturno, imigranti donose kulturno bogatstvo i multikulturalnost. Problemi mogu nastati oko integracije - mogu se javiti socijalne tenzije, ksenofobija ili formiranje geta.
💡 Važno: Nijedna posledica nije isključivo pozitivna ili negativna - uvek postoje obe strane.

Srbija je klasičan primer zemlje sa negativnim migracionim saldom. Tokom 60-ih i 70-ih, naši "gastarbajteri" masovno su odlazili u Zapadnu Nemačku, Austriju i Švajcarsku radi posla.
Od 1990-ih dominira "odliv mozgova" - visokoobrazovani stručnjaci (lekari, inženjeri, IT eksperti) odlaze u razvijene zemlje. Ovo je posebno štetan oblik migracije jer gubimo najproduktivnije i najobrazovanije građane.
Unutrašnje migracije selo-grad nakon Drugog svetskog rata dovele su do demografskog pražnjenja sela, posebno u istočnoj i južnoj Srbiji. Gradovi kao što su Beograd, Novi Sad i Niš naglo su rasli, što je donelo probleme sa infrastrukturom.
💡 Za test: Zapamti razliku između "gastarbajtera" (fizički radnici) i savremenog "odliva mozgova" (visokoobrazovani).

Odliv mozgova (Brain Drain) - odlazak visokoobrazovanih iz zemlje, veliki problem za zemlje u razvoju. Priliv mozgova (Brain Gain) - korist za razvijene zemlje. Cirkulacija mozgova - idealna situacija kada se migranti vrate sa stečenim znanjem.
Najvažnije podele migracija su prema prostoru , uzroku i trajanju . Sezonske migracije su česte u poljoprivredi i turizmu.
Push i pull faktori objašnjavaju zašto ljudi migriraju - push faktori "guraju" (siromaštvo, rat), pull faktori "privlače" (bolji posao, sigurnost). Najčešći uzrok su ekonomski razlozi.
💡 Za odličnu ocenu: Uvek analiziraj i pozitivne i negativne posledice za obe strane - i za zemlju porekla i za zemlju prijema.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Migracije su jedno od najvažnijih demografskih pitanja današnjice i direktno utiču na život svakog od nas. Bilo da se radi o tome zašto naši ljudi odlaze u inostranstvo ili zašto se sela prazne, razumevanje migracija ti pomaže da shvatiš kako... Show more

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Verovatno si već čuo termine kao što su "gastarbajteri" ili "odliv mozgova" - sve to su primeri migracija, odnosno prostornog kretanja stanovništva. Migracije su, uz prirodni priraštaj, glavni faktor koji određuje koliko ljudi živi u nekom mestu.
Migrant je svaka osoba koja učestvuje u ovom procesu. Kada neko emigrira (odlazi iz zemlje), ta osoba je emigrant za svoju matičnu zemlju. Kada imigrira (dolazi u novu zemlju), postaje imigrant za zemlju u koju dolazi.
Migracioni saldo ti pokazuje da li neko područje dobija ili gubi stanovništvo - to je razlika između broja ljudi koji dolaze i onih koji odlaze. Srbija, na primer, ima negativan migracioni saldo jer više ljudi odlazi nego što dolazi.
💡 Zapamti: Push faktori te "guraju" da odeš (nezaposlenost, rat), a pull faktori te "privlače" negde (bolji posao, sigurnost).

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Najmasovnije unutrašnje migracije su preseljenja selo-grad, što se zove deruralizacija. Ovaj proces je posebno intenzivan bio kod nas nakon Drugog svetskog rata kada su ljudi masovno odlazili u Beograd, Novi Sad i druge gradove zbog industrijalizacije.
Suprotan proces je ruralizacija , koji je redak i karakterističan za razvijene zemlje. Spoljne migracije prelaze državne granice i mogu biti intrakontinentalne (unutar Evrope) ili interkontinentalne (između kontinenata).
Prema uzroku, ekonomske migracije su najčešće - ljudi odlaze zbog boljeg posla i zarade. Političke migracije nastaju zbog ratova i progona, a takve osobe se zovu izbeglice. Prisilne migracije su najgore jer ljudi nemaju izbora.
💡 Razlika: Izbeglica beži od rata/progona i ima pravo na zaštitu, ekonomski migrant odlazi dobrovoljno zbog boljeg života.

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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Zemlje iz kojih ljudi odlaze suočavaju se sa ozbiljnim izazovima. Demografske posledice uključuju smanjenje broja stanovnika i starenje populacije jer uglavnom odlaze mladi ljudi. Najgori problem je "odliv mozgova" - odlazak visokoobrazovanih stručnjaka.
Sa ekonomske strane, situacija je složena. Pozitivno je što se smanjuje nezaposlenost i što migranti šalju doznake (novac porodicama), što je značajan prihod. Negativno je što se gubi kvalifikovana radna snaga i zapuštaju se poljoprivredna područja.
Socio-kulturne posledice uključuju raspad porodičnih veza i gašenje sela. Međutim, kada se ljudi vrate, donose nova znanja, veštine i kapital.
💡 Primer: Naši "gastarbajteri" iz 60-ih i 70-ih su slali doznake koje su bile vitalne za domaću ekonomiju.

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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Zemlje u koje ljudi dolaze imaju drugačije probleme i koristi. Demografski, dobijaju povećanje broja stanovnika i podmlađivanje populacije jer dolaze mladi, radno sposobni ljudi koji popunjavaju demografske "rupe".
Ekonomske koristi uključuju popunjavanje radnih mesta (posebno onih koje domaći radnici ne žele), rast BDP-a i nove poruke obveznike. Međutim, može doći do pritiska na tržište rada i povećanih troškova za zdravstvo i školstvo.
Socio-kulturno, imigranti donose kulturno bogatstvo i multikulturalnost. Problemi mogu nastati oko integracije - mogu se javiti socijalne tenzije, ksenofobija ili formiranje geta.
💡 Važno: Nijedna posledica nije isključivo pozitivna ili negativna - uvek postoje obe strane.

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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Srbija je klasičan primer zemlje sa negativnim migracionim saldom. Tokom 60-ih i 70-ih, naši "gastarbajteri" masovno su odlazili u Zapadnu Nemačku, Austriju i Švajcarsku radi posla.
Od 1990-ih dominira "odliv mozgova" - visokoobrazovani stručnjaci (lekari, inženjeri, IT eksperti) odlaze u razvijene zemlje. Ovo je posebno štetan oblik migracije jer gubimo najproduktivnije i najobrazovanije građane.
Unutrašnje migracije selo-grad nakon Drugog svetskog rata dovele su do demografskog pražnjenja sela, posebno u istočnoj i južnoj Srbiji. Gradovi kao što su Beograd, Novi Sad i Niš naglo su rasli, što je donelo probleme sa infrastrukturom.
💡 Za test: Zapamti razliku između "gastarbajtera" (fizički radnici) i savremenog "odliva mozgova" (visokoobrazovani).

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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Odliv mozgova (Brain Drain) - odlazak visokoobrazovanih iz zemlje, veliki problem za zemlje u razvoju. Priliv mozgova (Brain Gain) - korist za razvijene zemlje. Cirkulacija mozgova - idealna situacija kada se migranti vrate sa stečenim znanjem.
Najvažnije podele migracija su prema prostoru , uzroku i trajanju . Sezonske migracije su česte u poljoprivredi i turizmu.
Push i pull faktori objašnjavaju zašto ljudi migriraju - push faktori "guraju" (siromaštvo, rat), pull faktori "privlače" (bolji posao, sigurnost). Najčešći uzrok su ekonomski razlozi.
💡 Za odličnu ocenu: Uvek analiziraj i pozitivne i negativne posledice za obe strane - i za zemlju porekla i za zemlju prijema.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user