Political Impact of World War I on Russia

The war's political impact was equally significant, contributing to the erosion of support for Tsar Nicholas II and his regime. In August 1915, over half of the Duma deputies organized themselves into a "Progressive Bloc," demanding constitutional reforms and a more representative government.

Quote: When asked about the loss of confidence, Tsar Nicholas II replied, "Do you mean that I am to regain the confidence of my people, or they are to regain mine?"

The Tsar's refusal to accommodate these demands further isolated him politically. Non-governmental organizations like the Union of Towns and Union of Zemstvos joined to form Zemgor, highlighting the government's failures and proving that alternatives to Tsarism could work effectively.

Definition: Zemgor - A coalition of local self-government bodies formed to assist in the war effort.

The war revealed the anachronistic nature of the Tsarist regime, with growing literacy rates helping to erode the myth of Tsarist autocracy. This political instability set the stage for the Russian Revolution and the eventual overthrow of the monarchy.

Tsar Nicholas II's Mistakes and the February Revolution

Tsar Nicholas II's decision to become Commander-in-Chief in August 1915 proved to be a critical mistake. This move made him directly accountable for military failures and isolated him from political events in Petrograd.

Highlight: Nicholas II's absence from Petrograd left his wife Alexandra and Rasputin in control of the government, leading to widespread discontent.

The Tsar's military appointments were often based on social standing rather than military skill, contributing to Russia's poor performance in the war. His decision to enter World War I despite Russia's lack of stability and reliance on France for economic support further weakened the country.

Example: Desertion rates increased to 6,000 per month by February 1916, with some soldiers sent to fight without proper training or equipment.

The Tsar's failure to reform and listen to political advice, particularly from the Duma, led to his increasing isolation. The formation of the Progressive Bloc in the Duma and Nicholas's dismissal of their support further eroded his political base.

Quote: "Few people wished to support the weak, arrogant Tsar and the outdated regime which he stood for, thus contributing to the Revolution."

These factors culminated in the February Revolution of 1917, leading to Tsar Nicholas II's abdication on March 3rd.