Maths
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Responding to change (a2 only)
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Infection and response
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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
The cold war
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
Inter-war germany
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
Show all topics
History
9 Oct 2025
127
6 pages
Meena Hanufi @meenahanufi_wqad
The Russian Civil Warwas a complex conflict that followed the Bolshevik seizure of power in October 1917.... Show more
The Russian Civil War emerged from the chaos following World War I and the Russian Revolution. Key causes included
Vocabulary The term "Whites" refers to the diverse anti-Bolshevik forces, including former Tsarists, liberals, and moderate socialists.
The conflict officially began in spring 1918, though some skirmishes occurred earlier. Opposition to the Bolsheviks came from peasants, workers, middle classes, army officers, and various political factions.
Example The Czech Legion, a force of 40,000 Czechoslovak troops, played a significant role in sparking the conflict.
The Russian Civil War primarily involved two main factions
Reds (Bolsheviks) Led by Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky, their goal was to maintain power and establish a communist state.
Whites A diverse coalition united only by their opposition to the Bolsheviks. Key leaders included
Definition The term "Reds" refers to the Bolshevik forces, named after the color associated with communism.
The Whites were geographically dispersed and often lacked coordination, which proved to be a significant disadvantage.
Quote "The Whites were united only in their anti-Bolshevik attitude but deeply divided elsewhere and frequently fought one another."
The Russian Civil War timeline includes several crucial battles and events
Highlight The murder of Tsar Nicholas II and his family in July 1918 was a significant event that galvanized opposition to the Bolsheviks.
The Reds gradually gained the upper hand, pushing back White forces on multiple fronts. Trotsky's leadership of the Red Army was crucial in achieving these victories.
Several key factors explain who won the Russian Civil War and why the Bolsheviks emerged victorious
Example Trotsky's reforms included reintroducing military ranks, saluting, and pay differences to improve discipline and effectiveness.
The policy of "War Communism" also played a role, allowing the Bolsheviks to mobilize resources effectively, though at a great cost to the population.
Vocabulary "War Communism" refers to the extreme economic measures implemented by the Bolsheviks during the civil war, including nationalization of industry and forced grain requisitioning.
The Russian Civil War ended in 1921 with the Bolsheviks in control of most of the former Russian Empire. The conflict had profound consequences
Highlight The Russian Civil War was one of the bloodiest conflicts of the 20th century, with an estimated 7-12 million deaths.
The Bolshevik victory set the stage for the creation of the Soviet Union and had far-reaching implications for global politics throughout the 20th century.
The Russian Civil War was a multifaceted conflict between the Bolshevik Red Army and various opposition groups known as the Whites. Key factors in the Bolshevik victory included
Highlight The Bolsheviks' control of major cities like Moscow and Petrograd (St. Petersburg) gave them a significant strategic advantage.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the complexities of the Provisional Government in Russia during 1917, including the Kornilov Affair, the role of the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, and the impact of World War I. This summary highlights key events, political dynamics, and the challenges faced by the government, providing essential context for understanding the Russian Revolutions. Ideal for students studying modern history.
HistoryExplore the transformative journey of Russia from autocratic rule to communist governance. This comprehensive summary covers key events from the 1905 Revolution to the rise of Stalin, including the roles of Lenin, the Bolsheviks, and the Civil War. Ideal for A-level students preparing for OCR exams, this resource highlights critical concepts such as War Communism, the New Economic Policy (NEP), and the impact of the Five-Year Plans.
HistoryExplore the evolution of Lenin's economic strategies from 1917 to 1924, including State Capitalism, War Communism, and the New Economic Policy (NEP). This summary highlights key objectives, challenges, and the impact of these policies on Soviet society and economy. Ideal for students studying Russian history and economic systems.
HistoryExplore the pivotal factors behind the Bolsheviks' success in the Russian Civil War, focusing on Lenin's leadership, the implementation of War Communism, and the contrasting weaknesses of the White Army. This detailed analysis evaluates the significance of unity among the Reds and the strategic decisions made by key figures like Trotsky. Ideal for higher history students preparing for essays or exams.
HistoryExplore the critical factors leading to the February Revolution of 1917, including Tsar Nicholas II's military blunders, the influence of Alexandra and Rasputin, and the socio-economic turmoil exacerbated by World War I. This summary highlights the political isolation of the Tsar, the rise of the Progressive Bloc, and the impact of military defeats on Russian society. Ideal for students studying the Russian Revolutions.
HistoryExplore the pivotal moments of the October Revolution, including Trotsky's role, Kerensky's challenges, and the Bolshevik takeover. This summary covers essential events, key figures, and the aftermath of the revolution, providing a comprehensive overview for A-Level students studying Russian history.
HistoryApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
History
9 Oct 2025
127
6 pages
Meena Hanufi @meenahanufi_wqad
The Russian Civil Warwas a complex conflict that followed the Bolshevik seizure of power in October 1917. This summary provides an in-depth analysis of the causes, key events, and... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Russian Civil War emerged from the chaos following World War I and the Russian Revolution. Key causes included
Vocabulary The term "Whites" refers to the diverse anti-Bolshevik forces, including former Tsarists, liberals, and moderate socialists.
The conflict officially began in spring 1918, though some skirmishes occurred earlier. Opposition to the Bolsheviks came from peasants, workers, middle classes, army officers, and various political factions.
Example The Czech Legion, a force of 40,000 Czechoslovak troops, played a significant role in sparking the conflict.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Russian Civil War primarily involved two main factions
Reds (Bolsheviks) Led by Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky, their goal was to maintain power and establish a communist state.
Whites A diverse coalition united only by their opposition to the Bolsheviks. Key leaders included
Definition The term "Reds" refers to the Bolshevik forces, named after the color associated with communism.
The Whites were geographically dispersed and often lacked coordination, which proved to be a significant disadvantage.
Quote "The Whites were united only in their anti-Bolshevik attitude but deeply divided elsewhere and frequently fought one another."
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Russian Civil War timeline includes several crucial battles and events
Highlight The murder of Tsar Nicholas II and his family in July 1918 was a significant event that galvanized opposition to the Bolsheviks.
The Reds gradually gained the upper hand, pushing back White forces on multiple fronts. Trotsky's leadership of the Red Army was crucial in achieving these victories.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Several key factors explain who won the Russian Civil War and why the Bolsheviks emerged victorious
Example Trotsky's reforms included reintroducing military ranks, saluting, and pay differences to improve discipline and effectiveness.
The policy of "War Communism" also played a role, allowing the Bolsheviks to mobilize resources effectively, though at a great cost to the population.
Vocabulary "War Communism" refers to the extreme economic measures implemented by the Bolsheviks during the civil war, including nationalization of industry and forced grain requisitioning.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Russian Civil War ended in 1921 with the Bolsheviks in control of most of the former Russian Empire. The conflict had profound consequences
Highlight The Russian Civil War was one of the bloodiest conflicts of the 20th century, with an estimated 7-12 million deaths.
The Bolshevik victory set the stage for the creation of the Soviet Union and had far-reaching implications for global politics throughout the 20th century.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Russian Civil War was a multifaceted conflict between the Bolshevik Red Army and various opposition groups known as the Whites. Key factors in the Bolshevik victory included
Highlight The Bolsheviks' control of major cities like Moscow and Petrograd (St. Petersburg) gave them a significant strategic advantage.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
7
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the complexities of the Provisional Government in Russia during 1917, including the Kornilov Affair, the role of the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, and the impact of World War I. This summary highlights key events, political dynamics, and the challenges faced by the government, providing essential context for understanding the Russian Revolutions. Ideal for students studying modern history.
HistoryExplore the transformative journey of Russia from autocratic rule to communist governance. This comprehensive summary covers key events from the 1905 Revolution to the rise of Stalin, including the roles of Lenin, the Bolsheviks, and the Civil War. Ideal for A-level students preparing for OCR exams, this resource highlights critical concepts such as War Communism, the New Economic Policy (NEP), and the impact of the Five-Year Plans.
HistoryExplore the evolution of Lenin's economic strategies from 1917 to 1924, including State Capitalism, War Communism, and the New Economic Policy (NEP). This summary highlights key objectives, challenges, and the impact of these policies on Soviet society and economy. Ideal for students studying Russian history and economic systems.
HistoryExplore the pivotal factors behind the Bolsheviks' success in the Russian Civil War, focusing on Lenin's leadership, the implementation of War Communism, and the contrasting weaknesses of the White Army. This detailed analysis evaluates the significance of unity among the Reds and the strategic decisions made by key figures like Trotsky. Ideal for higher history students preparing for essays or exams.
HistoryExplore the critical factors leading to the February Revolution of 1917, including Tsar Nicholas II's military blunders, the influence of Alexandra and Rasputin, and the socio-economic turmoil exacerbated by World War I. This summary highlights the political isolation of the Tsar, the rise of the Progressive Bloc, and the impact of military defeats on Russian society. Ideal for students studying the Russian Revolutions.
HistoryExplore the pivotal moments of the October Revolution, including Trotsky's role, Kerensky's challenges, and the Bolshevik takeover. This summary covers essential events, key figures, and the aftermath of the revolution, providing a comprehensive overview for A-Level students studying Russian history.
HistoryApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
