Russian Civil War and Bolshevik Victory

Alternative transcript:

is the spring of 1918, although there had been several military skirmishes before that Why did the civil war break out? Growing opposition among most social and political groups in Russia including the peasants, industrial workers middle classes, aring officers, SRS, right SA wingers and monarchists. disagreement amongst historians as to exactly when the Į Civil War started. Grawing nationalists feeling in Russia - Ukrainions and Georgians wanted self-rule. The Bis called this bourgeois nationalism". Former Tsarist generals - were organising themselves across the Russian Continent. Czech Legion- 40,000 Czechs who wanted independence from the Austro-Hungarian side fought on the Russian side in WW1. The Russian Civil War sides : Reds → Bolsheviks, aim was to stay in power Workers and Peasants Red Army.. Whites → brood group Liberals, former Tsarists, nationalists, SR's etc. United their anti-Bolshevik attitude but deeply divided elsewhere and frequently fought one another. r Southern Volunteer Army (formed from escaped SWEDEN BALTIC SEA Tudenich's army was - small and attacked the Reds from Estonia. FINLAND at oped LITH Pikov Bu kome Tve Smolensk Ivanovo BELARUS Brywisk ast-ANT-PETERSBURG UKRAINE Krasnodar BLACK SEA TURKEY Kornior) joined by thousands of officers, free Kadets. Taken over by Denikin in 1918 MOSCOW Oryal Petrozavodsk Kursk Murmansk Tula Ryazan ARCTIC OCEAN *Vologda Yaroslavl Madimer Voronezh VOLGOGRAD Kosacma ●Kirov SARATOV Arhangelsk ROSTOV-NA-DONA Astrakhan RUSSIA VODE AZEPO NICHNI NOVGORDD KAZAN CASPAN Sra GEORGIA Mekachkala ☆ SAMARA ●PERM EKATERINBURG CHELYABINSK KAZAKHSTAN TURKM STAN OVAK w UZBEKISTAN The Reds were -we-based here. The Orisk gor was a "reactionary one, mainly Rightists (pro-Tsar) under Kolchak controlling an extensive area of Siberia.. → the Komuch (members of (A) made up of SRS who claimed to be legitimate elected ·gov. Key people in the Russion Civil War : leaders Alexander Kolchak→ was a prisoner of war in Japan, after the fall of the Tsar, he was recalled to Petrograd. Kerensky feared he might organise an uprising against the PG so he sent him to USA as a military adviser. Also Spent time in England and Japan. He was in Manchuria when the Bolsheviks gained control of Russion after the Oct Rev. Kolchak joined opposition. to became a minister in the Provisional all to the Bolshevik gov and Russian Gov based in Omsk. agreed Anton Denikin Denekin supported the coup led by kornilov and was imprisoned by the Bolsheviks. After Kornilor's death in April 1918, Denikin became commander The Reds were - we hased here. sK gov was a ary one, mainly -Ísar) under ling an extensive nbers of 's who e elected : the forces fighting the Red Army. Fought of in the Russo tapanse Japanese war. Nikolai Judinich > resigned after the PG came to power in spring 1917 and returned to Petrograd, only to flee to Finland when the Bolsheviks gained power. Reds -move organised, led by one person (trotsky) in the Red aray two of the biggest cities under their control. - no access to the Trans Siberia railway. Whites: /- big failway, access to the whole - can only go backwards or forwards. 1- more food supply control.. country. Thursday 2nd February 2023 The Russian Civil War 1918-1921 East » Kalchak had an army of 140,000 linked with the Czech Legion. Very successful early on capturing Kazan and Samara by June. Advance fell apart: - determined Red-counter attacks -internal arguments and opathy amongst Czechs. -power struggles with SRs who staged revolts thus weakening Kolchak's forces. By Autumn 1919, the Red's had turned Kolchaks advance into a retreat; captured and shot in 1920. West General ludnich's army was smallest (15,000) reached the outskirts of Petrograd in October 1919. · was pushed back by larger Red Forces. Cossacks. South > Denekins southern army of 15,000 had a large contingent of -made good progress across the Don region, intending to join up with Kolchak in the East. • besieging Tsaritsyn by summer 1918, a sity under the command of stalin. → • Red's needed to hold it by to prevent White forces meeting up and secure grain supplies moving through to the north and west. → 1919 summer offensive was sucessful, coming with 300km of Moscow by October. → Trotsky organised a counter attack forcing hasty White retreat. -pushed back to Crimea. → • Denckin replaced by Wrangel 1 2) Dan Wra ludinic he dia 3) The Re Stretched 4 He decided Save Petrograd St passion Makhno's insurgent army: → most dangerous of the Green armies. • had successfully used Guerilla warfare against Whites and Reds. - strongly supported by peasants in Ukraine. + allies were Britain, France, US and Japan. GB, FR, Japan and USA support the Whites, this alienated many Russions from the Whites 1) the whites are viewed as being puppets to foreign powers. Boshoviks are defending Russia from capitalist powers. 2) Kolchak → accused of committing war crimes, he fled eastwards and was promised safe passage however, he was double crossed and handed over to the SRs. He was short shot of 7th of Feb 1920. 4 Dondin he left Russia in April 1920 and was replaced by General Wrangel, spent 27 year in exile in France and died in 1947. Judinish was arrested in Estonia, but allowed to emigrate to France where he died in 1933. 3) The Reds were defeated by the Poles because they tacked lacked support, they over- stretched their supply lines. restored discipline He decided to Save Petrograd. Areorganised the army along strict hierarchal lines and brought back thousands of former Tsarist officers to army train and command units. > Lenin supported this as he thought it was the only solution, this is the only way he managed. → reintroduced conscription for peasants, ex-Trorist officers, bourgeoise etc. Ways Trotsky's leadership contributed to victory. Trotsky's ✓ strengths were his energy, passion and organisational abilities.