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12 Jun 2023
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madison
@madisonstoneman_tkvn
The study of crime scenes and criminal justice processes requires... Show more
The process of crime scene investigation involves meticulous collection and analysis of physical evidence. Criminology unit 3 case studies demonstrate how forensic specialists and crime scene investigators work together to gather crucial evidence. When processing a crime scene, investigators must follow strict protocols for evidence collection and preservation.
Physical evidence includes bodily fluids like blood and semen, which must be allowed to air dry before being packaged in paper bags and then sealed in polythene bags. Each piece of evidence requires individual packaging and proper labeling. For sexual assault cases, victims undergo examination by police surgeons who collect swab samples. Hair samples can help match suspects to crime scenes and must be carefully wrapped in paper bags, sealed, and labeled.
Definition: Locard's Exchange Principle states that when two objects come into contact, there is always a transfer of material between them. This foundational principle of forensic science explains why trace evidence is so important.
Fingerprint evidence comes in three main forms: patent , latent , and plastic . Investigators use specialized techniques like dusting with magnesium powder and UV light to reveal latent prints. Other important physical evidence includes shoe prints, which can be photographed and cast if found in soil, and trace evidence like fibers that require collection with tweezers and proper packaging to prevent contamination.
The handling of suspects follows strict legal protocols outlined in criminology unit 3 ac1.1 notes. Police have specific powers for stop and account and stop and search . When conducting searches, officers must follow guidelines regarding religious clothing and private searches.
At police stations, suspects have several fundamental rights including:
Highlight: Suspects can be held for 24 hours without charge under normal circumstances, but this can be extended to 36 hours for indictable offenses and up to 96 hours with magistrates' approval. Terrorism cases allow detention for up to 14 days.
The bail system provides for either unconditional release or conditional bail with specific restrictions like curfews or no-contact orders. Criminology Unit 3 controlled assessment model answers often explore how these procedures protect both suspect rights and public safety.
The Crown Prosecution Service plays a vital role in the criminal justice system as outlined in criminology unit 3 ac1.2. Their responsibilities include:
The CPS applies two main tests before proceeding with prosecution:
Example: The Caroline Flack case demonstrates public interest considerations in prosecution decisions. Similarly, the Liam Allen case highlights the importance of proper evidence assessment, where 50,000 text messages were initially withheld.
Legal proceedings involve different trial venues based on offense severity:
Modern crime scene investigation relies heavily on scientific methods and technology as detailed in Unit 3 crime scene to Courtroom materials. Forensic specialists employ various techniques for evidence collection and analysis:
DNA analysis has become increasingly sophisticated, as demonstrated by cases like Paul Hutchinson and Colin Pitchfork . Surveillance technology, including CCTV and covert human intelligence sources, provides 24-hour coverage and helps create crime timelines.
Vocabulary: CHIS refers to individuals who establish or maintain relationships to secretly gather information for law enforcement purposes.
Intelligence databases play a crucial role in modern policing:
These systems enable real-time checks and information sharing, though concerns exist about privacy and potential targeting of specific ethnic groups.
Forensic evidence plays a crucial role in criminal investigations and courtroom proceedings. Physical and testimonial evidence must meet strict criteria of credibility, reliability, and admissibility to be considered valid in court. However, various factors can affect the interpretation and handling of evidence throughout the criminal justice process.
Definition: Forensic evidence encompasses both physical materials and testimonial accounts used to establish facts in criminal cases. Physical evidence includes tangible items like DNA, fingerprints, and trace materials, while testimonial evidence consists of witness statements and expert testimony.
The reliability of forensic specialists and expert witnesses remains a critical concern in criminal justice. Notable cases like Adam Scott and the Randox Testing scandal highlight how forensic misinterpretation can lead to wrongful convictions. Similarly, pathologist errors in determining time and cause of death have impacted cases like Sally Clarke and Ian Tomlinson. To improve eyewitness testimony reliability, procedures like double-blind administration have been implemented, where identification officers are unaware of the suspect's identity in lineups.
Media coverage significantly influences criminal cases and public perception. While some outlets must maintain unbiased reporting, newspapers often display political leanings that affect crime coverage. The Guardian typically dedicates 5% to crime news, while The Sun allocates 30%, with a focus on violent crime. Media influence can lead to moral panics and false accusations, as seen in cases like the 2011 London Riots, Christopher Jefferies, and the Milly Dowler phone hacking scandal.
Highlight: Law reports document crucial court decisions, though only 2% are formally written when new legal precedents are established. These reports guide judges in similar future cases and shape the evolution of criminal law.
The judicial decision-making process involves complex considerations that can significantly impact case outcomes. Judges' rulings on evidence admissibility are crucial yet can be flawed, as demonstrated in Texas where 96% of appeals judges accepted original trial documents without proper review.
Various factors can affect judgment validity, including unintentional bias, unconscious stereotyping, and political influences. The Criminology Unit 3 case studies highlight how different circumstances can lead to either unduly lenient or harsh sentences. For instance, the Hillsborough disaster and cases like Lavinia Woodward demonstrate how gender and class can influence sentencing decisions.
Example: The treatment of different defendants reveals systemic disparities in the justice system. Cases like Derek Chauvin and the London Riots demonstrate how occupation, politics, race, and class can affect sentencing outcomes. Celebrity status also plays a role, as seen in cases involving Ant McPartlin and Wayne Rooney.
Legal representation disparities further complicate the justice process. At inquests, official entities like police receive free legal representation, while victims' families often lack similar resources. This imbalance can significantly impact case outcomes and access to justice, particularly in complex criminal proceedings requiring extensive legal expertise.
Vocabulary: Unduly lenient sentences refer to punishments considered too light for the crime committed, while unduly harsh sentences are viewed as disproportionately severe relative to the offense and circumstances.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
madison
@madisonstoneman_tkvn
The study of crime scenes and criminal justice processes requires comprehensive understanding across multiple areas, from evidence collection to courtroom procedures.
Criminology Unit 3focuses on the journey from crime scene to courtroom, examining crucial aspects of criminal investigations and... Show more
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The process of crime scene investigation involves meticulous collection and analysis of physical evidence. Criminology unit 3 case studies demonstrate how forensic specialists and crime scene investigators work together to gather crucial evidence. When processing a crime scene, investigators must follow strict protocols for evidence collection and preservation.
Physical evidence includes bodily fluids like blood and semen, which must be allowed to air dry before being packaged in paper bags and then sealed in polythene bags. Each piece of evidence requires individual packaging and proper labeling. For sexual assault cases, victims undergo examination by police surgeons who collect swab samples. Hair samples can help match suspects to crime scenes and must be carefully wrapped in paper bags, sealed, and labeled.
Definition: Locard's Exchange Principle states that when two objects come into contact, there is always a transfer of material between them. This foundational principle of forensic science explains why trace evidence is so important.
Fingerprint evidence comes in three main forms: patent , latent , and plastic . Investigators use specialized techniques like dusting with magnesium powder and UV light to reveal latent prints. Other important physical evidence includes shoe prints, which can be photographed and cast if found in soil, and trace evidence like fibers that require collection with tweezers and proper packaging to prevent contamination.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The handling of suspects follows strict legal protocols outlined in criminology unit 3 ac1.1 notes. Police have specific powers for stop and account and stop and search . When conducting searches, officers must follow guidelines regarding religious clothing and private searches.
At police stations, suspects have several fundamental rights including:
Highlight: Suspects can be held for 24 hours without charge under normal circumstances, but this can be extended to 36 hours for indictable offenses and up to 96 hours with magistrates' approval. Terrorism cases allow detention for up to 14 days.
The bail system provides for either unconditional release or conditional bail with specific restrictions like curfews or no-contact orders. Criminology Unit 3 controlled assessment model answers often explore how these procedures protect both suspect rights and public safety.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Crown Prosecution Service plays a vital role in the criminal justice system as outlined in criminology unit 3 ac1.2. Their responsibilities include:
The CPS applies two main tests before proceeding with prosecution:
Example: The Caroline Flack case demonstrates public interest considerations in prosecution decisions. Similarly, the Liam Allen case highlights the importance of proper evidence assessment, where 50,000 text messages were initially withheld.
Legal proceedings involve different trial venues based on offense severity:
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Modern crime scene investigation relies heavily on scientific methods and technology as detailed in Unit 3 crime scene to Courtroom materials. Forensic specialists employ various techniques for evidence collection and analysis:
DNA analysis has become increasingly sophisticated, as demonstrated by cases like Paul Hutchinson and Colin Pitchfork . Surveillance technology, including CCTV and covert human intelligence sources, provides 24-hour coverage and helps create crime timelines.
Vocabulary: CHIS refers to individuals who establish or maintain relationships to secretly gather information for law enforcement purposes.
Intelligence databases play a crucial role in modern policing:
These systems enable real-time checks and information sharing, though concerns exist about privacy and potential targeting of specific ethnic groups.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Forensic evidence plays a crucial role in criminal investigations and courtroom proceedings. Physical and testimonial evidence must meet strict criteria of credibility, reliability, and admissibility to be considered valid in court. However, various factors can affect the interpretation and handling of evidence throughout the criminal justice process.
Definition: Forensic evidence encompasses both physical materials and testimonial accounts used to establish facts in criminal cases. Physical evidence includes tangible items like DNA, fingerprints, and trace materials, while testimonial evidence consists of witness statements and expert testimony.
The reliability of forensic specialists and expert witnesses remains a critical concern in criminal justice. Notable cases like Adam Scott and the Randox Testing scandal highlight how forensic misinterpretation can lead to wrongful convictions. Similarly, pathologist errors in determining time and cause of death have impacted cases like Sally Clarke and Ian Tomlinson. To improve eyewitness testimony reliability, procedures like double-blind administration have been implemented, where identification officers are unaware of the suspect's identity in lineups.
Media coverage significantly influences criminal cases and public perception. While some outlets must maintain unbiased reporting, newspapers often display political leanings that affect crime coverage. The Guardian typically dedicates 5% to crime news, while The Sun allocates 30%, with a focus on violent crime. Media influence can lead to moral panics and false accusations, as seen in cases like the 2011 London Riots, Christopher Jefferies, and the Milly Dowler phone hacking scandal.
Highlight: Law reports document crucial court decisions, though only 2% are formally written when new legal precedents are established. These reports guide judges in similar future cases and shape the evolution of criminal law.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The judicial decision-making process involves complex considerations that can significantly impact case outcomes. Judges' rulings on evidence admissibility are crucial yet can be flawed, as demonstrated in Texas where 96% of appeals judges accepted original trial documents without proper review.
Various factors can affect judgment validity, including unintentional bias, unconscious stereotyping, and political influences. The Criminology Unit 3 case studies highlight how different circumstances can lead to either unduly lenient or harsh sentences. For instance, the Hillsborough disaster and cases like Lavinia Woodward demonstrate how gender and class can influence sentencing decisions.
Example: The treatment of different defendants reveals systemic disparities in the justice system. Cases like Derek Chauvin and the London Riots demonstrate how occupation, politics, race, and class can affect sentencing outcomes. Celebrity status also plays a role, as seen in cases involving Ant McPartlin and Wayne Rooney.
Legal representation disparities further complicate the justice process. At inquests, official entities like police receive free legal representation, while victims' families often lack similar resources. This imbalance can significantly impact case outcomes and access to justice, particularly in complex criminal proceedings requiring extensive legal expertise.
Vocabulary: Unduly lenient sentences refer to punishments considered too light for the crime committed, while unduly harsh sentences are viewed as disproportionately severe relative to the offense and circumstances.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user