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What Happens When Acyl Chloride Meets Water and How to Stay Safe with Ethanoyl Chloride

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Z

Zainab

01/04/2023

Chemistry

Acylation AQA A level chemistry

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Chemistry

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Organic chemistry

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Halogenoalkanes

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Nucleophilic substitution

What Happens When Acyl Chloride Meets Water and How to Stay Safe with Ethanoyl Chloride

A comprehensive guide to acyl chloride and acid anhydride reactions, focusing on their hydrolysis processes and various nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Key points:

  • Acyl chloride reaction with water produces carboxylic acid and hydrogen chloride gas
  • Safety precautions for ethanoyl chloride are crucial due to its corrosive nature and dangerous reaction with water
  • Acid anhydride hydrolysis process yields two carboxylic acid molecules in a less vigorous reaction
  • Both compounds undergo reactions with alcohols, ammonia, and primary amines
  • Mechanisms follow nucleophilic addition-elimination pathways
...

01/04/2023

59

PO 80 JOQ 80 60 107 40 20 MADE IN GERMANY ILMA R 20 40 60 08 Wood TRIL 061 DURAL Made Substitution of R- Acyl chlorides H H-C-C H CI ethanoy

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Page 2: Introduction to Acyl Chlorides and Acid Anhydrides

This page introduces the fundamental concepts of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides, focusing on their reactions with water. The acyl chloride reaction with water produces carboxylic acid and HCl gas under room temperature conditions. Similarly, acid anhydrides react with water to form carboxylic acids.

Definition: Acylation is the substitution process involving the replacement of a hydrogen atom.

Vocabulary: Ethanoyl chloride - A reactive acyl chloride compound Highlight: Steamy white fumes of HCl are produced during acyl chloride hydrolysis

Example: CH₃COCl + H₂O → CH₃COOH + HCl

PO 80 JOQ 80 60 107 40 20 MADE IN GERMANY ILMA R 20 40 60 08 Wood TRIL 061 DURAL Made Substitution of R- Acyl chlorides H H-C-C H CI ethanoy

View

Page 3: Acid Anhydride Reactions

This page details the various reactions of acid anhydrides with different nucleophiles. The acid anhydride hydrolysis process produces two carboxylic acid molecules. Additional reactions include those with alcohols, ammonia, and primary amines.

Definition: Acid anhydrides are compounds formed from two carboxylic acid molecules

Example: Reaction with ammonia produces amide and carboxylic acid Highlight: Each reaction yields specific products including esters, amides, and N-substituted amides

PO 80 JOQ 80 60 107 40 20 MADE IN GERMANY ILMA R 20 40 60 08 Wood TRIL 061 DURAL Made Substitution of R- Acyl chlorides H H-C-C H CI ethanoy

View

Page 4: Acyl Chloride Reactions

This page explores the various reactions of acyl chlorides with different nucleophiles. The reactions include hydrolysis with water, forming carboxylic acids, and reactions with ammonia, alcohols, and primary amines.

Highlight: White misty fumes produced during reactions are dangerous and toxic Example: Reaction with alcohols produces esters and HCl

PO 80 JOQ 80 60 107 40 20 MADE IN GERMANY ILMA R 20 40 60 08 Wood TRIL 061 DURAL Made Substitution of R- Acyl chlorides H H-C-C H CI ethanoy

View

Page 5: Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination Mechanisms

This page details the step-by-step mechanisms for acyl chloride reactions. The mechanisms demonstrate how nucleophiles attack the carbonyl group, leading to product formation.

Definition: Nucleophilic addition-elimination involves the attack of a nucleophile followed by the loss of a leaving group

Example: Detailed mechanism showing the formation of ethanoic acid from acyl chloride

PO 80 JOQ 80 60 107 40 20 MADE IN GERMANY ILMA R 20 40 60 08 Wood TRIL 061 DURAL Made Substitution of R- Acyl chlorides H H-C-C H CI ethanoy

View

Page 6: Acid Anhydride Mechanisms

This page illustrates the detailed mechanisms for acid anhydride reactions with various nucleophiles. The mechanisms show how water, alcohols, ammonia, and primary amines react with acid anhydrides.

Highlight: All reactions proceed through similar nucleophilic addition-elimination pathways Example: Formation of two carboxylic acid molecules from acid anhydride hydrolysis

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Subjects

Chemistry

Organic chemistry

Halogenoalkanes

Nucleophilic substitution

 

Chemistry

•

59

•

1 Apr 2023

•

6 pages

What Happens When Acyl Chloride Meets Water and How to Stay Safe with Ethanoyl Chloride

Z

Zainab

@zainabkaz_dvgr

A comprehensive guide to acyl chloride and acid anhydride reactions, focusing on their hydrolysis processes and various nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Key points:

  • Acyl chloride reaction with water produces carboxylic acid and hydrogen chloride gas
  • Safety precautions for ethanoyl chlorideare... Show more

PO 80 JOQ 80 60 107 40 20 MADE IN GERMANY ILMA R 20 40 60 08 Wood TRIL 061 DURAL Made Substitution of R- Acyl chlorides H H-C-C H CI ethanoy

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Page 2: Introduction to Acyl Chlorides and Acid Anhydrides

This page introduces the fundamental concepts of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides, focusing on their reactions with water. The acyl chloride reaction with water produces carboxylic acid and HCl gas under room temperature conditions. Similarly, acid anhydrides react with water to form carboxylic acids.

Definition: Acylation is the substitution process involving the replacement of a hydrogen atom.

Vocabulary: Ethanoyl chloride - A reactive acyl chloride compound Highlight: Steamy white fumes of HCl are produced during acyl chloride hydrolysis

Example: CH₃COCl + H₂O → CH₃COOH + HCl

PO 80 JOQ 80 60 107 40 20 MADE IN GERMANY ILMA R 20 40 60 08 Wood TRIL 061 DURAL Made Substitution of R- Acyl chlorides H H-C-C H CI ethanoy

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Page 3: Acid Anhydride Reactions

This page details the various reactions of acid anhydrides with different nucleophiles. The acid anhydride hydrolysis process produces two carboxylic acid molecules. Additional reactions include those with alcohols, ammonia, and primary amines.

Definition: Acid anhydrides are compounds formed from two carboxylic acid molecules

Example: Reaction with ammonia produces amide and carboxylic acid Highlight: Each reaction yields specific products including esters, amides, and N-substituted amides

PO 80 JOQ 80 60 107 40 20 MADE IN GERMANY ILMA R 20 40 60 08 Wood TRIL 061 DURAL Made Substitution of R- Acyl chlorides H H-C-C H CI ethanoy

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Page 4: Acyl Chloride Reactions

This page explores the various reactions of acyl chlorides with different nucleophiles. The reactions include hydrolysis with water, forming carboxylic acids, and reactions with ammonia, alcohols, and primary amines.

Highlight: White misty fumes produced during reactions are dangerous and toxic Example: Reaction with alcohols produces esters and HCl

PO 80 JOQ 80 60 107 40 20 MADE IN GERMANY ILMA R 20 40 60 08 Wood TRIL 061 DURAL Made Substitution of R- Acyl chlorides H H-C-C H CI ethanoy

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Page 5: Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination Mechanisms

This page details the step-by-step mechanisms for acyl chloride reactions. The mechanisms demonstrate how nucleophiles attack the carbonyl group, leading to product formation.

Definition: Nucleophilic addition-elimination involves the attack of a nucleophile followed by the loss of a leaving group

Example: Detailed mechanism showing the formation of ethanoic acid from acyl chloride

PO 80 JOQ 80 60 107 40 20 MADE IN GERMANY ILMA R 20 40 60 08 Wood TRIL 061 DURAL Made Substitution of R- Acyl chlorides H H-C-C H CI ethanoy

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Page 6: Acid Anhydride Mechanisms

This page illustrates the detailed mechanisms for acid anhydride reactions with various nucleophiles. The mechanisms show how water, alcohols, ammonia, and primary amines react with acid anhydrides.

Highlight: All reactions proceed through similar nucleophilic addition-elimination pathways Example: Formation of two carboxylic acid molecules from acid anhydride hydrolysis

PO 80 JOQ 80 60 107 40 20 MADE IN GERMANY ILMA R 20 40 60 08 Wood TRIL 061 DURAL Made Substitution of R- Acyl chlorides H H-C-C H CI ethanoy

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Page 1: Technical Specifications

This page contains various technical specifications and manufacturing details, including measurements and product origins.

Highlight: The page primarily displays numerical values and manufacturing information.

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I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

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