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7 May 2023
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Brolodgy Bitty Biology Study Notes: Cells and Chromosomes For Kids
Chloe Gillen
@chloegillen_
Cellular Processes and Disease
This page delves deeper into cellular processes, focusing on diffusion, digestion, and photosynthesis, as well as discussing infectious diseases and immune responses.
The page begins by explaining diffusion and osmosis:
Example: Diffusion is described as the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
The text then moves on to discuss digestion, mentioning enzymes and their role in breaking down food molecules.
Photosynthesis is covered next, with a focus on practical experiments:
Highlight: The rate of photosynthesis can be measured by counting oxygen bubbles released from pond weed or by monitoring light absorption.
The page then shifts to infectious diseases:
Definition: Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens, which can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists.
The body's defense mechanisms against pathogens are described in detail:
Vocabulary: White blood cells, including phagocytes and lymphocytes, play crucial roles in the immune response. Phagocytes engulf pathogens, while lymphocytes produce antibodies.
The text explains that antibodies are complementary to specific pathogen antigens and can take time to find a match. However, the immune system remembers pathogens, making future responses faster.
The page concludes with a brief mention of penicillin, discovered by Fleming, and the process of developing new medicines, including discovery, development, testing, and trials.
Practice Questions and Additional Information
This page provides practice questions and additional information on various topics covered in the previous pages.
The page starts with a diagram of a cell, asking students to identify specific structures:
Example: Students are asked to identify the nucleus in the cell diagram and explain why the cell is a plant cell .
The text then moves on to questions about white blood cells and their role in defending the body against pathogens:
Highlight: White blood cells defend the body by engulfing pathogens and producing antibodies.
There's a question about the decrease in the number of measles cases, suggesting that vaccination has played a role in this reduction.
The page includes information about sperm cells, noting that they have many mitochondria to provide energy for movement.
A section on photosynthesis is included, presenting the chemical equation:
Quote: "6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ "
The page concludes with additional questions and information:
- A calculation of cell size using magnification formulas
- A comparison of electron microscopes and light microscopes, noting that electron microscopes have higher resolution
- A question about the breakdown of carbohydrates during digestion, introducing the enzyme amylase
Vocabulary: Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates during digestion.
This page serves as a review and application of the concepts covered in the previous pages, helping students to reinforce their understanding of key biological processes.
Cell Structure and Types
This page covers the fundamental aspects of cell biology, focusing on the differences between plant and animal cells, as well as eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
The page begins by outlining the key components of animal and plant cells. Animal cells are described as having a membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria , and ribosomes . Plant cells are noted to have additional structures such as vacuoles , chloroplasts , and a cell wall.
Definition: Eukaryotic cells are defined as having DNA contained within a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and their DNA is free in the cytoplasm.
The page then moves on to discuss cell division processes:
Highlight: Meiosis and mitosis chromosome processes are crucial for cell reproduction and genetic diversity.
Mitosis is described as the process of cell division where chromosomes are copied. It's noted that humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46.
Meiosis is explained as the process for creating sex cells . This process involves DNA copying, crossing over, and two divisions, resulting in daughter cells or egg/sperm cells.
The page concludes with information on microscopy and DNA:
Vocabulary: Microscopy techniques mentioned include SEM and TEM .
DNA is described as being made up of four bases : T+A and C+G. The page explains that every three bases code for an amino acid, which tells the cell the order for protein synthesis.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Brolodgy Bitty Biology Study Notes: Cells and Chromosomes For Kids
Chloe Gillen
@chloegillen_
Brolodgy Bitty Biology Study Notes: A comprehensive guide to cell biology, covering eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells differences, meiosis and mitosis chromosome processes, and more.
Key topics include cell structure, DNA, microscopy, digestion, photosynthesis, and immune system responses.... Show more
Cellular Processes and Disease
This page delves deeper into cellular processes, focusing on diffusion, digestion, and photosynthesis, as well as discussing infectious diseases and immune responses.
The page begins by explaining diffusion and osmosis:
Example: Diffusion is described as the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
The text then moves on to discuss digestion, mentioning enzymes and their role in breaking down food molecules.
Photosynthesis is covered next, with a focus on practical experiments:
Highlight: The rate of photosynthesis can be measured by counting oxygen bubbles released from pond weed or by monitoring light absorption.
The page then shifts to infectious diseases:
Definition: Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens, which can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists.
The body's defense mechanisms against pathogens are described in detail:
Vocabulary: White blood cells, including phagocytes and lymphocytes, play crucial roles in the immune response. Phagocytes engulf pathogens, while lymphocytes produce antibodies.
The text explains that antibodies are complementary to specific pathogen antigens and can take time to find a match. However, the immune system remembers pathogens, making future responses faster.
The page concludes with a brief mention of penicillin, discovered by Fleming, and the process of developing new medicines, including discovery, development, testing, and trials.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Practice Questions and Additional Information
This page provides practice questions and additional information on various topics covered in the previous pages.
The page starts with a diagram of a cell, asking students to identify specific structures:
Example: Students are asked to identify the nucleus in the cell diagram and explain why the cell is a plant cell .
The text then moves on to questions about white blood cells and their role in defending the body against pathogens:
Highlight: White blood cells defend the body by engulfing pathogens and producing antibodies.
There's a question about the decrease in the number of measles cases, suggesting that vaccination has played a role in this reduction.
The page includes information about sperm cells, noting that they have many mitochondria to provide energy for movement.
A section on photosynthesis is included, presenting the chemical equation:
Quote: "6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ "
The page concludes with additional questions and information:
- A calculation of cell size using magnification formulas
- A comparison of electron microscopes and light microscopes, noting that electron microscopes have higher resolution
- A question about the breakdown of carbohydrates during digestion, introducing the enzyme amylase
Vocabulary: Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates during digestion.
This page serves as a review and application of the concepts covered in the previous pages, helping students to reinforce their understanding of key biological processes.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Cell Structure and Types
This page covers the fundamental aspects of cell biology, focusing on the differences between plant and animal cells, as well as eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
The page begins by outlining the key components of animal and plant cells. Animal cells are described as having a membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria , and ribosomes . Plant cells are noted to have additional structures such as vacuoles , chloroplasts , and a cell wall.
Definition: Eukaryotic cells are defined as having DNA contained within a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and their DNA is free in the cytoplasm.
The page then moves on to discuss cell division processes:
Highlight: Meiosis and mitosis chromosome processes are crucial for cell reproduction and genetic diversity.
Mitosis is described as the process of cell division where chromosomes are copied. It's noted that humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46.
Meiosis is explained as the process for creating sex cells . This process involves DNA copying, crossing over, and two divisions, resulting in daughter cells or egg/sperm cells.
The page concludes with information on microscopy and DNA:
Vocabulary: Microscopy techniques mentioned include SEM and TEM .
DNA is described as being made up of four bases : T+A and C+G. The page explains that every three bases code for an amino acid, which tells the cell the order for protein synthesis.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user