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How Monoclonal Antibodies Help in Fighting Blood Clots, HIV, and Autoimmune Problems

Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized medical diagnostics and therapeutics. They are... Show more

Monoclonal antibodies
diagnostic uses
theraputic uses
L> treatment for the rabies virus.
โ†ณs detecting presence of pathogens such as streptoc

Monoclonal Antibodies: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Monoclonal antibodies have become indispensable tools in modern medicine, offering a wide array of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This page explores their various uses and the mechanisms behind their effectiveness.

Diagnostic Uses

Monoclonal antibodies are extensively used in diagnostic procedures. They can detect the presence of pathogens such as streptococcus and distinguish between Herpes I and Herpes II viruses. These antibodies are also crucial in blood typing before transfusions and in detecting the presence of antibiotics in milk.

Example: Pregnancy tests utilize monoclonal antibodies to detect human chorionic gonadotropin hCGhCG in urine, providing a quick and reliable method for confirming pregnancy.

One of the most significant diagnostic applications is in detecting HIV antibodies with enzyme-linked monoclonal antibodies. This process involves a complex series of steps:

  1. HIV antigen is attached to a test plate.
  2. The blood sample is passed over the plate, allowing HIV antibodies, if present, to bind to the antigen.
  3. Enzyme-linked monoclonal antibodies are then introduced, which bind to any HIV antibodies present.
  4. A chromogen dye is added, which changes color in proportion to the amount of HIV antibody present.

Highlight: The intensity of the color change on the plate directly correlates with the amount of HIV antibody in the test serum, providing a quantitative measure of HIV infection.

Therapeutic Uses

Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized treatment approaches for various conditions. Some key therapeutic applications include:

  1. Therapeutic uses of monoclonal antibodies for deep vein thrombosis: This involves injecting mice with fibrin, collecting plasma cells, and fusing them with tumor cells to create hybridomas that produce anti-fibrin antibodies. These antibodies, when attached to a radioactive chemical, can locate blood clots using a gamma-ray camera.
  2. Prevention of transplanted organ rejection by intervening with T-cells involved in the immune response.
  3. Genetically modified monoclonal antibodies in autoimmune therapies for conditions like allergic asthma and rheumatoid arthritis.
  4. Treatment of diseases caused by overproduction or inappropriate production of B-cells.
  5. Prevention of blood clotting and targeted treatment of breast cancer and melanoma.

Vocabulary: Hybridomas are hybrid cells created by fusing antibody-producing B cells with tumor cells, resulting in a cell line that can produce large quantities of specific antibodies indefinitely.

Initially, monoclonal antibodies produced by mice and other lab animals triggered immune responses in humans. Scientists have largely overcome this challenge by genetically modifying antibody polypeptide chains to have human amino acid sequences and altering the type and position of sugar groups attached to the chains.

Definition: Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by clones of a single parent cell, designed to bind to a specific antigen.

This advancement has significantly improved the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody treatments, making them a cornerstone of modern therapeutic approaches for a wide range of diseases.



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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because itโ€™s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโ€™t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโ€™m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜ฒ๐Ÿค‘๐Ÿ’—โœจ๐ŸŽ€๐Ÿ˜ฎ

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because itโ€™s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโ€™t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโ€™m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜ฒ๐Ÿค‘๐Ÿ’—โœจ๐ŸŽ€๐Ÿ˜ฎ

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

ย 

Biology

โ€ข

420

โ€ข

20 Dec 2022

โ€ข

1 page

How Monoclonal Antibodies Help in Fighting Blood Clots, HIV, and Autoimmune Problems

Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized medical diagnostics and therapeutics. They are used in a wide range of applications, from detecting pathogens to treating cancer and autoimmune diseases. Therapeutic uses of monoclonal antibodies for deep vein thrombosis and detecting HIV antibodies with... Show more

Monoclonal antibodies
diagnostic uses
theraputic uses
L> treatment for the rabies virus.
โ†ณs detecting presence of pathogens such as streptoc

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Monoclonal Antibodies: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Monoclonal antibodies have become indispensable tools in modern medicine, offering a wide array of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This page explores their various uses and the mechanisms behind their effectiveness.

Diagnostic Uses

Monoclonal antibodies are extensively used in diagnostic procedures. They can detect the presence of pathogens such as streptococcus and distinguish between Herpes I and Herpes II viruses. These antibodies are also crucial in blood typing before transfusions and in detecting the presence of antibiotics in milk.

Example: Pregnancy tests utilize monoclonal antibodies to detect human chorionic gonadotropin hCGhCG in urine, providing a quick and reliable method for confirming pregnancy.

One of the most significant diagnostic applications is in detecting HIV antibodies with enzyme-linked monoclonal antibodies. This process involves a complex series of steps:

  1. HIV antigen is attached to a test plate.
  2. The blood sample is passed over the plate, allowing HIV antibodies, if present, to bind to the antigen.
  3. Enzyme-linked monoclonal antibodies are then introduced, which bind to any HIV antibodies present.
  4. A chromogen dye is added, which changes color in proportion to the amount of HIV antibody present.

Highlight: The intensity of the color change on the plate directly correlates with the amount of HIV antibody in the test serum, providing a quantitative measure of HIV infection.

Therapeutic Uses

Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized treatment approaches for various conditions. Some key therapeutic applications include:

  1. Therapeutic uses of monoclonal antibodies for deep vein thrombosis: This involves injecting mice with fibrin, collecting plasma cells, and fusing them with tumor cells to create hybridomas that produce anti-fibrin antibodies. These antibodies, when attached to a radioactive chemical, can locate blood clots using a gamma-ray camera.
  2. Prevention of transplanted organ rejection by intervening with T-cells involved in the immune response.
  3. Genetically modified monoclonal antibodies in autoimmune therapies for conditions like allergic asthma and rheumatoid arthritis.
  4. Treatment of diseases caused by overproduction or inappropriate production of B-cells.
  5. Prevention of blood clotting and targeted treatment of breast cancer and melanoma.

Vocabulary: Hybridomas are hybrid cells created by fusing antibody-producing B cells with tumor cells, resulting in a cell line that can produce large quantities of specific antibodies indefinitely.

Initially, monoclonal antibodies produced by mice and other lab animals triggered immune responses in humans. Scientists have largely overcome this challenge by genetically modifying antibody polypeptide chains to have human amino acid sequences and altering the type and position of sugar groups attached to the chains.

Definition: Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by clones of a single parent cell, designed to bind to a specific antigen.

This advancement has significantly improved the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody treatments, making them a cornerstone of modern therapeutic approaches for a wide range of diseases.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us โ€” and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because itโ€™s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโ€™t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโ€™m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜ฒ๐Ÿค‘๐Ÿ’—โœจ๐ŸŽ€๐Ÿ˜ฎ

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because itโ€™s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโ€™t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโ€™m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜ฒ๐Ÿค‘๐Ÿ’—โœจ๐ŸŽ€๐Ÿ˜ฎ

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user