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AQA A-Level Religious Studies Conscience Notes PDF & Free Quizlet

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Poppy

20/05/2023

Religious Studies

AQA RS - CONSCIENCE

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Religious Studies

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Component 1: philosophy of religion and ethics

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Section b: ethics and religion

AQA A-Level Religious Studies Conscience Notes PDF & Free Quizlet

Conscience and Moral Decision Making in Religious Studies - A comprehensive exploration of conscience theories, their applications, and implications for moral decision-making.

• Examines multiple perspectives on conscience including psychological, sociological, and theological approaches
• Analyzes key theories from thinkers like Kohlberg, Freud, Aquinas, and Augustine
• Explores practical applications through moral dilemmas and case studies
• Evaluates conscience as a moral guide and its limitations
• Discusses the relationship between conscience, society, and religious beliefs

...

20/05/2023

148

the orguments of people. action. Criticism emphasizes justice to exclusion of other values. so it doesn't addequately adress. who value Cons

View

Page 2: More Theories and Religious Perspectives

This page continues exploring theories of conscience, including humanistic and religious viewpoints.

Fromm's Authoritarian vs. Humanistic Conscience

Erich Fromm distinguished between two types of conscience:

  1. Authoritarian: Internalized voice of disapproving society
  2. Humanistic: Intuitive knowledge of what enhances or destroys human life

Religious Perspectives on Conscience

Several religious thinkers viewed conscience as connected to God:

  • Augustine: Conscience as God's innate voice in all souls
  • Schleiermacher: Conscience as divine revelation

Quote: Augustine stated, "For when will they be able to understand that there is no soul, however wicked... in whose conscience God doesn't speak?"

Aquinas on Conscience as God-given Reasoning

Thomas Aquinas proposed that conscience is a God-given faculty of reasoning:

  • Synderesis rule: All humans naturally seek good and avoid evil
  • Conscience can be fallible but should be followed

Vocabulary: Synderesis refers to the innate principle in moral consciousness that directs one to good and away from evil.

the orguments of people. action. Criticism emphasizes justice to exclusion of other values. so it doesn't addequately adress. who value Cons

View

Page 3: Butler's Theory and Evaluation

This page focuses on Joseph Butler's theory of conscience and its evaluation.

Butler's Theory of Conscience

Joseph Butler viewed conscience as a God-given faculty with specific characteristics:

  • Reflective: Ability to consider past and future actions morally
  • Intuitive: Works autonomously based on right and wrong
  • Based on prudence self−loveself-love and benevolence loveofotherslove of others

Highlight: Butler emphasized the need for balance between self-love and love for others in moral decision-making.

Evaluation of Butler's Theory

Strengths:

  • Recognizes the role of both self-interest and altruism in morality
  • Aligns with the idea that following conscience leads to being a good person

Criticisms:

  • Conflicts with Natural Moral Law's emphasis on fulfilling one's nature
  • May lead to decisions that cause self-harm
the orguments of people. action. Criticism emphasizes justice to exclusion of other values. so it doesn't addequately adress. who value Cons

View

Page 4: Additional Perspectives and Moral Decision-Making

This page briefly mentions additional perspectives on conscience and introduces the role of conscience in moral decision-making.

Fletcher's Situational Ethics

Joseph Fletcher viewed conscience as:

  • Guided by the Holy Spirit
  • Influenced by internalized societal values

Religious vs. Non-Religious Ideas of Conscience

The document categorizes the presented theories:

  • Non-religious ideas: Theories 1-4
  • Religious ideas: Theories 5-8

Highlight: This categorization helps distinguish between secular and faith-based approaches to understanding conscience.

Role of Conscience in Moral Decision-Making

The page introduces the topic of how conscience functions in making moral choices, which is likely explored further in subsequent sections.

Vocabulary: Conscience a level ethics refers to the study of conscience and its role in moral reasoning at the advanced academic level.

the orguments of people. action. Criticism emphasizes justice to exclusion of other values. so it doesn't addequately adress. who value Cons

View

Page 4: Practical Applications of Conscience Theories

This page applies various theories of conscience to practical moral dilemmas, particularly focusing on lying and promise-breaking.

Definition: A lie is defined as a deliberate distortion of truth.

Example: The axe-murderer scenario demonstrates how Aquinas's approach allows for "evasive truth" in specific cases.

Highlight: Different theoretical approaches Aquinas,Freud,sociologicalAquinas, Freud, sociological offer varying perspectives on handling moral dilemmas.

Vocabulary: Synderesis refers to the innate knowledge of basic moral principles.

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Subjects

Religious Studies

Component 1: philosophy of religion and ethics

Section b: ethics and religion

 

Religious Studies

•

148

•

20 May 2023

•

5 pages

AQA A-Level Religious Studies Conscience Notes PDF & Free Quizlet

user profile picture

Poppy

@poppy_vyjp

Conscience and Moral Decision Making in Religious Studies - A comprehensive exploration of conscience theories, their applications, and implications for moral decision-making.

• Examines multiple perspectives on conscience including psychological, sociological, and theological approaches
• Analyzes key theories from thinkers... Show more

the orguments of people. action. Criticism emphasizes justice to exclusion of other values. so it doesn't addequately adress. who value Cons

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Page 2: More Theories and Religious Perspectives

This page continues exploring theories of conscience, including humanistic and religious viewpoints.

Fromm's Authoritarian vs. Humanistic Conscience

Erich Fromm distinguished between two types of conscience:

  1. Authoritarian: Internalized voice of disapproving society
  2. Humanistic: Intuitive knowledge of what enhances or destroys human life

Religious Perspectives on Conscience

Several religious thinkers viewed conscience as connected to God:

  • Augustine: Conscience as God's innate voice in all souls
  • Schleiermacher: Conscience as divine revelation

Quote: Augustine stated, "For when will they be able to understand that there is no soul, however wicked... in whose conscience God doesn't speak?"

Aquinas on Conscience as God-given Reasoning

Thomas Aquinas proposed that conscience is a God-given faculty of reasoning:

  • Synderesis rule: All humans naturally seek good and avoid evil
  • Conscience can be fallible but should be followed

Vocabulary: Synderesis refers to the innate principle in moral consciousness that directs one to good and away from evil.

the orguments of people. action. Criticism emphasizes justice to exclusion of other values. so it doesn't addequately adress. who value Cons

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Access to all documents

Improve your grades

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Page 3: Butler's Theory and Evaluation

This page focuses on Joseph Butler's theory of conscience and its evaluation.

Butler's Theory of Conscience

Joseph Butler viewed conscience as a God-given faculty with specific characteristics:

  • Reflective: Ability to consider past and future actions morally
  • Intuitive: Works autonomously based on right and wrong
  • Based on prudence self−loveself-love and benevolence loveofotherslove of others

Highlight: Butler emphasized the need for balance between self-love and love for others in moral decision-making.

Evaluation of Butler's Theory

Strengths:

  • Recognizes the role of both self-interest and altruism in morality
  • Aligns with the idea that following conscience leads to being a good person

Criticisms:

  • Conflicts with Natural Moral Law's emphasis on fulfilling one's nature
  • May lead to decisions that cause self-harm
the orguments of people. action. Criticism emphasizes justice to exclusion of other values. so it doesn't addequately adress. who value Cons

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Page 4: Additional Perspectives and Moral Decision-Making

This page briefly mentions additional perspectives on conscience and introduces the role of conscience in moral decision-making.

Fletcher's Situational Ethics

Joseph Fletcher viewed conscience as:

  • Guided by the Holy Spirit
  • Influenced by internalized societal values

Religious vs. Non-Religious Ideas of Conscience

The document categorizes the presented theories:

  • Non-religious ideas: Theories 1-4
  • Religious ideas: Theories 5-8

Highlight: This categorization helps distinguish between secular and faith-based approaches to understanding conscience.

Role of Conscience in Moral Decision-Making

The page introduces the topic of how conscience functions in making moral choices, which is likely explored further in subsequent sections.

Vocabulary: Conscience a level ethics refers to the study of conscience and its role in moral reasoning at the advanced academic level.

the orguments of people. action. Criticism emphasizes justice to exclusion of other values. so it doesn't addequately adress. who value Cons

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Page 4: Practical Applications of Conscience Theories

This page applies various theories of conscience to practical moral dilemmas, particularly focusing on lying and promise-breaking.

Definition: A lie is defined as a deliberate distortion of truth.

Example: The axe-murderer scenario demonstrates how Aquinas's approach allows for "evasive truth" in specific cases.

Highlight: Different theoretical approaches Aquinas,Freud,sociologicalAquinas, Freud, sociological offer varying perspectives on handling moral dilemmas.

Vocabulary: Synderesis refers to the innate knowledge of basic moral principles.

the orguments of people. action. Criticism emphasizes justice to exclusion of other values. so it doesn't addequately adress. who value Cons

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Page 1: Theories of Conscience

This page introduces several key theories about the nature and development of conscience.

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

Lawrence Kohlberg proposed that moral reasoning develops through three main stages:

  1. Pre-conventional: Focus on punishment and obedience
  2. Conventional: Emphasis on interpersonal relationships and societal rules
  3. Post-conventional: Recognition of universal ethical principles

Example: The Heinz Dilemma is used to illustrate how individuals at different stages might approach a moral problem.

Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory of Conscience

Sigmund Freud viewed conscience as part of the superego, developing between ages 3-5:

  • Id: Unconscious, basic needs
  • Ego: Rational self
  • Superego: Controlling, restraining self includesconscienceincludes conscience

Highlight: Freud saw conscience as an internalization of parental and societal expectations, not a divine voice.

Conscience as Social Conditioning

Emile Durkheim proposed that conscience is a product of social forces:

  • God as a projection of society's power
  • Collective conscience: shared beliefs and moral attitudes

Definition: Collective conscience refers to the common moral understanding shared by members of a society.

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Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

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