Page 3: Number and Algebra Concepts
This page focuses on number and algebra concepts, crucial for the Edexcel maths specification GCSE Checklist.
FDP (Fractions, Decimals, Percentages)
The section covers conversions and calculations involving fractions, decimals, and percentages:
- Percentage increase and decrease
- Compound interest and depreciation
- Converting fractions to decimals and percentages
- Calculating percentage change
Tip: To convert a decimal to a percentage, multiply by 100.
Conversions
This part provides conversion factors for various units:
- Length: 1 cm = 10 mm, 1 m = 100 cm, 1 km = 1000 m
- Area: 1 cm² = 0.0001 m²
- Volume: 1 cm³ = 0.000001 m³
- Mass: 1 kg = 1000 g
- Capacity: 1 l = 1000 ml
Standard Form
The guide explains how to write numbers in standard form:
- A number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10
Example: 40,000 in standard form is 4 × 10⁴
Surds and Indices
This section covers operations with surds and rules for indices:
- Simplifying surds
- Rationalizing denominators
- Index laws for multiplication, division, and powers
Special Numbers
The guide defines special types of numbers:
- Factors: numbers that divide into another number without a remainder
- Prime numbers: numbers with only two factors (1 and itself)
- Multiples: numbers in a given number's times table
- Square numbers: numbers multiplied by themselves
Equations and Inequalities
This part introduces solving equations and inequalities:
- Like terms in algebra
- Inequality symbols and their meanings
Vocabulary: Like terms in algebra have the same variables raised to the same powers.
Equations of Lines, Curves, and Circles
The section concludes with formulas for:
- Straight line equations (y = mx + c)
- Finding midpoints
- Parallel and perpendicular lines
- Turning points of curves
- Equation of a circle
Definition: In y = mx + c, m represents the gradient (slope) of the line, and c is the y-intercept.
