Page 1: Geometry Fundamentals
This page covers fundamental geometry concepts essential for GCSE higher math geometry notes 2019 2020 pdf.
Angle Facts - Lines
The section begins with angle facts related to lines, including:
- Vertically opposite angles are equal
- Angles on a straight line add up to 180°
- Angles at a point add up to 360°
- Alternate angles are equal
- Corresponding angles are equal
- Co-interior angles add up to 180°
Definition: Vertically opposite angles are angles opposite each other when two lines intersect.
Angle Facts - Triangles and Quadrilaterals
This section covers angle properties in triangles and quadrilaterals:
- Angles in a triangle add up to 180°
- Base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal
- Angles in an equilateral triangle are all 60°
- Angles in a quadrilateral add up to 360°
Highlight: Understanding these angle properties is crucial for solving complex geometry problems in GCSE maths.
Angle Facts - Polygons
The guide provides information on polygon angles:
- Exterior angles of a polygon add up to 360°
- The interior and exterior angle of any polygon add up to 180°
- The sum of interior angles formula: numberofsides−2 × 180°
- Regular polygons have all sides and angles equal
Congruence and Similarity
This section outlines the four tests for congruence SSS,ASA,SAS,RHS and conditions for similar triangles.
Vocabulary: Congruence means two shapes are identical in size and shape.
Area Formulas
The page concludes with area formulas for various shapes:
- Rectangle: length × width
- Parallelogram: base × perpendicular height
- Triangle: ½ × base × perpendicular height
- Trapezium: ½a+b × h
Example: The area of a trapezium can be remembered with the rhyme: "Half the sum of the parallel sides, times the distance between them. That is how you calculate the area of a trapezium."
