Crime and Punishment 18th and 19th century

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else Success Quickly called a success - Improvements over older prisons -alternative punishment -54 other prisons, built on Pentonville model from 1842 1848 failure -3 Committed suicide -began to ship prisoners to Bethlehem Royal Hospita! (mental health) SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESSES - Seperate system was gradually modified at lennonville, and by 1900s it had ended Gdid not last long government 1823 Gaois Act influenced by. John Howard, Elizabeth Fry and Robert feel - Improved prison conditions e But only until 1835 were government appointed inspectors to check thi 1839 Prisons Act · advocates seperate system an - rehabilitation - think about what you've done 1865 Prisons Act -Shified from rehabilitation to deterrent and retribution -"Hard labour, hard fare, hard board" worden beds d 12 hours boring same food To enforce strict, uniform regime of punishment in every prison Seperate System + Pentonville prison -Prisoners kept seperate -Radial building for seperation but also security # - Religious education+ -Good facilities - 2x Lim - very Clean - But boring repetitive work Push 1877 -All prisons brought under government control - ensure all pristons to same standard 98 Prisons Act - emphasises rehabilllation and reform of prisons Devrey Deterrent to Changes to Prisons 18th +19th century At attitudes in society I would still want Robert Peel by death by 100 3 making prisoners (pay for their behaviour by being parthed t Believed Broody Code was in humanitarian and ineffective so traind penal code = reduced num of crimes punishake 1726-1790 prisons of act as a deterrent but still rehabitation Organised edirection for woment children Cemphasis Campaigned for betere conditions "Visits by chaplains to be Introduced to find to spiritual needs of phones. John Howard persuaded paniament to release prisoner once serience i finished - no more release fee needed 1774 letters + campaigns Bloody Code and transportation was seen as inhumandanon emphasis on rehabilitation G. + good conditions 10 Idza that chiminals can be refund reformed and rehabilitated (through scutude religion and self-reflection + To provide prisoners with opportunity for individual imy lovement 6.00 To ensure prisoners were not Intluenced by the criminals emphasised noor B emale hardenino look after femore prisoners 1780-1845 Elizabeth Fry emphasis on rehabilitation S taught sewing + Bible Classes reformers Individuals Wrote a book called The stove of Prisons in England and hales Spread divareness Visited infracto failer persuading thumb por conditions D Uniforoned in blue to different from unpopular amyined uniforms an 'Walk the beat' -patrol ↳ like Bow Street Runners entine Criticisms • Peter Crime with public presence • keep peace w/o lethal weapons. •So all areas of London had good policing :poor included. Improvement to Bow Street Ruriners. Police had: MET POLICE 1829 •more people -better Organised : 17 London -better trained - Ova - Robert Peel - Prime Minister + Home Secretary 11823 GAOLS -poorly-trained persuaded politicians to pass this law ACT -recruited from dubious - Male + female kept seperate backgrounds - public thought they had / -Jailers to be paird a savany immoral Hendencies -concerns centred on fears of oppression -female jailers in female prisons -iron restranti banned -visits by Chaplains to aid spiritual need, -thought police would / limit their individual liberties. (7/londonos - 2800 recruited but only | Robert Peel believed Bloody 600 retained for year or more -Norted how much this nowel affect taxes Code mad was inhumanitarian, •Reduced number of crimes punishable by death by 100. formed a friendly society, protect, ther wages. 4- If they were offered less mong, none of the men would accept below a certain wage. 48 so had to pay decent wage other wire no workers, t early form of trade uniors Arrested men for no reason but found old law to shop sailors from organising mutinies (control) ↓ Pat on that sentenced to 7 years in Australia b Most severe punishment the judge could give. But event publicised by press in Dorchester Crown Court. (lear that they shouldn't have been punished in this way. + Tolpuddle Martyrs demonstrates how law can be manipulated by those in power and how attiendes in society canchange C+P 100,000 people demonstrated in London. J 200,000 Signatures against punishment Lord Melbourne PM at first still refelled this and considered the men a threat onme against authority Urbanisation + terrible conditions Shows social t economic changes, Cause workers to feel better rights Industrialisation: 4 years lover & clear made big mislevée, public and com back pardoned' рост рад +few worke rights delement 1 x Transportation as punishment + very harb P group of men from Dorset (sowna England)-agricwiniral workers. Crve •Puniment changing -attitudes Democracy meant public Opinion more important Why the fol puddle martyr case important? ruling classes fearful those who wanted political Change were treat as liimmar threats to authority were dealt with harshly French Revolution 1789: thousands of nobilily executed 1650 tigh import taxes cause smuggling to nse ↓ 1700-50 Pome minister at its height smuggling! with large gangs like Haukhirt bang operating on South Loan (borders france) Pitt 1780s import takes and reserve the smuggling decreased as wouldn't risk getting lought! it Bimport tax low anyways, 1800s 1748-49 Import I Hawkhurst Gang readerse Coperated in taxes are kent) hadleaders lowered even/ exemled further. Smuggling becomes less profitable and less prevalent 20th century • Tobacco, alcohol, drugs (big prynts), immigrants, - Cheaper smuggled than in shops -demand for illegal drugs - big potential profits in drug multi-billion pound industing > Smuggler makes more money Customer = geis goods cheaper rising Poverty struggle to earn money POVERTY+WEALTH but also more healthy. people that can buy the expensive luxury 6 SMUGGLING brings goods into the country paying import tax - 17th 18th and early 19th antung Tea, wine, spinks, lace, spices, un, Silk, sugar fast sailing ships + hidden smuggled items in small coves and over estuanes then safe house like pubi or inns without Transport land, sea tain searcher employed by 4 Durchased large amounts and return to Britain whe government to search wast indi nmint 4. properties and catch smugglers 1 CRIME Items that SOCIAL Therefore 1 Difficult to enforce cannot be made in Britain New network trades e TRADE: BRITISH EMPIRE Items that annot be made in Britain members of ruling class supponed smugglers" GOVERNMENT ATTITUDES IN SOCIETY Very High import duties made smiggling profitable luxury expensive items All sections of society supported smuggling