America Begins to Grow, 1789-1838
The early years of the United States were marked by rapid expansion and the establishment of national identity. This period saw significant growth in territory, population, and economic power, particularly in the cotton industry.
Highlight: The USA expanded quickly in the Northwest and South between 1789 and 1838, driven by fears of European empires and the desire for land ownership.
The expansion of the United States during this period had profound effects on various groups:
- Native Americans faced displacement and conflict as settlers moved westward.
- The demand for slave labor increased with the growth of cotton plantations in the South.
- Regional differences between the North and South began to emerge, setting the stage for future conflicts.
Vocabulary: Self-sufficient - able to provide for one's own needs without external assistance.
The cotton industry became a driving force in the American economy, particularly in the South. This led to:
- Increased demand for slave labor
- Implementation of harsh working conditions, such as the "pushing system"
- Growing economic disparities between North and South
Example: By 1840, the USA had become the world's largest producer of cotton, leading to a fall in cotton prices and increased pressure on slave labor.
The treatment of Native American tribes during this period was characterized by forced relocation and broken promises:
- Some tribes, like the Cherokee, attempted to assimilate into white American culture.
- The Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced many tribes to move westward.
- Resistance from tribes like the Creek and Seminole was ultimately unsuccessful.
Quote: "By 1838, almost all land in the South was open for white settlers."
This chapter highlights the complex interplay between economic growth, territorial expansion, and the treatment of marginalized groups in early American history.
