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Infection and response
Organisation
Cell biology
Biological molecules
Homeostasis and response
Responding to change (a2 only)
Energy transfers (a2 only)
The control of gene expression (a-level only)
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
Inter-war germany
World war one
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
World war two & the holocaust
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
The fight for female suffrage
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Britain: 1509 -1745
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16/02/2023
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American West Key Dates 1823-1831 Mormons in New York State 1825 Explorer Jedediah Smith shares South Pass in Rocky Mountains discovery 1830 Indian Removal Act 1831-1837 Mormons in Ohio C1834 Permanent Indian Frontier set up, Indian Trade and Intercourse Act 1836 First migrants travel Oregon Trail by wagon reach destination 1836-1846 5,000 migrants use the trail to head West 1837 Financial crisis in East 1837-1838 Mormons in Missouri 1838-1846 Mormons in Illinois, including where founder Joseph Smith was murdered in 1844 1840s US government gains new Western territories 1841 Government funded expedition maps Oregon Trail, guide published for migrants 1843 First settlers arrive in Oregon encouraged by government legislation 1844 Mormon persecution in Nauvoo 1846 Donner Party head west, meeting with disaster and death. Mormons travel to Great Salt Lake as have been driven out of Nauvoo, told to by Governor of Illinois 1847 Mormons settle in Utah 1848 Gold discovered in California, US victory in Mexican-American War 1850s First homesteaders move to Plains 1851 First Fort Laramie Treaty, Indian Appropriations Act 1852 Chinese famine, leading to 20,000 to head to California in hope of gold and a better life 1854 Wind pump invented 1855 Quarantine laws block Texan cattle from Missouri and then Kansas in 1859. 1858-1859 Gold discovered in Pikes Peak region of Rocky Mountains 1859 Gold mines open in Colorado and Nevada 1861...
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Fort Wise Treaty, start of American Civil War between North and South - start of high beef demand in the north that ran throughout war, although this is blocked at Sedalia due to Texas fever. 1862 Homestead Act, (August 1862 namely) Little Crow's War and Pacific Railway Act passed on transcontinental railway 1864 Sand Creek massacre work begins 1865 End of American Civil War, slavery abolished in US 1866-1868 Red Cloud's War 1866 Group of US army soldiers wiped out at Fetterman's Trap by Plains Indians, Red Cloud's War on US government to stop forts being built in Montana, Goodnight and Loving reach Fort Sumner with 1,700 cattle, establishing their trail 1867 Medicine Lodge Creek, Abilene becomes first cow town, 'The Beef Bonanza' 1868 'The Winter Campaign' and second Fort Laramie Treaty, President Grant's Peace Policy 1869 Railroads completed despite some American opposition - the first transcontinental railroad 1870 Cattle Ranching begins on Plains, led to 'Open Range' - leads to Beef Bonanza 1871 Second Indian Appropriations Act 1873 Timber and Culture Act - further 160 acres if trees planted on half of land 1874 Barbed wire begins to be mass-produced, wind-powered water pump introduced, Custer leads Black Hills expedition for gold, ignoring Fort Laramie Treaty December 1875 Great Sioux War leads to the ultimatum that all Sioux must return to their reservation in 60 days or they will be attacked. 1876 Great Sioux War between US Army and Sioux Indians, General Crook defeated at Rosebud River, Battle of the Little Big Horn (25th June) 1877 Desert Land Act - 640 acres of desert land for cheap available 1879 Exoduster Movement 1881 Sitting Bull and followers surrender to American government, OK Corral (26th October), Billy the Kid killed by Pat Garrett 1885 All Plain Indians resettled on reservations, Northern herd buffalo completely destroyed 1886 Severe winter leads to smaller ranches with barbed wire fences and wind pumps, end of cowboy era 1887 Dawes Act - led to land rushes 1890 Battle of Wounded Knee (29th December) and US government close frontier 1892 Johnson County War 1893 Largest Oklahoma Land Rush