The carbon cycle is one of Earth's most important processes,...
Geography320 views·Updated May 31, 2026·2 pagesUnderstanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes and Types
Maisie Holland@maisieholland_ojwl
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Long Term Carbon Cycle
The long term carbon cycle is basically Earth's slow-motion carbon storage system that takes 100-200 million years to complete. Think of it as nature's ultimate recycling programme - just incredibly slow!
Carbon gets stored in five main places: rocks, fossil fuels, water, soils, and the atmosphere. The process starts when volcanoes erupt, releasing about 200 million tonnes of carbon annually as carbon dioxide. This CO₂ mixes with water to create carbonic acid, which falls as acidic rain.
This acidic rainfall chemically weathers rocks and minerals. Some carbon returns to the atmosphere, but the rest flows down rivers into oceans where marine creatures absorb it to build their shells and skeletons. When these organisms die, they sink to the sea floor and pile up in layers.
Key Point: Over millions of years, these layers get compressed into sedimentary rock, and with enough heat and pressure, they become fossil fuels - this is called carbon sequestration. At destructive plate boundaries, rocks get subducted into Earth's mantle, and the whole cycle starts again when carbon escapes through volcanic eruptions.
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Short Term Carbon Cycle
The short term carbon cycle is the fast-paced version that moves carbon through living things in just years or decades. This cycle shifts between 1,000 to 100,000 million tonnes of carbon annually - that's massive compared to the long-term cycle!
The cycle revolves around four key processes: photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion. Plants act as primary producers, absorbing CO₂ during photosynthesis and converting it into carbohydrates whilst releasing oxygen. Marine phytoplankton do exactly the same thing in our oceans.
Animals break down these carbohydrates for energy, releasing CO₂ through respiration and methane through digestion. When organisms die, bacteria and fungi decompose them, releasing even more CO₂ and methane back to the atmosphere. Some carbon gets transferred into soil as humus, which contains millions of microorganisms that are also part of this cycle.
Remember This: Special environments like peat soils store massive amounts of carbon because they're so waterlogged that plants can't decompose properly. Climate change creates uncertainty about whether these areas will store more or less carbon in the future - making them crucial to monitor.
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Geography320 views·Updated May 31, 2026·2 pagesUnderstanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes and Types
Maisie Holland@maisieholland_ojwl
The carbon cycle is one of Earth's most important processes, constantly moving carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, land, and living things. Understanding this cycle is crucial because it directly affects climate change and how our planet maintains the conditions necessary...
1
of 2
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Long Term Carbon Cycle
The long term carbon cycle is basically Earth's slow-motion carbon storage system that takes 100-200 million years to complete. Think of it as nature's ultimate recycling programme - just incredibly slow!
Carbon gets stored in five main places: rocks, fossil fuels, water, soils, and the atmosphere. The process starts when volcanoes erupt, releasing about 200 million tonnes of carbon annually as carbon dioxide. This CO₂ mixes with water to create carbonic acid, which falls as acidic rain.
This acidic rainfall chemically weathers rocks and minerals. Some carbon returns to the atmosphere, but the rest flows down rivers into oceans where marine creatures absorb it to build their shells and skeletons. When these organisms die, they sink to the sea floor and pile up in layers.
Key Point: Over millions of years, these layers get compressed into sedimentary rock, and with enough heat and pressure, they become fossil fuels - this is called carbon sequestration. At destructive plate boundaries, rocks get subducted into Earth's mantle, and the whole cycle starts again when carbon escapes through volcanic eruptions.
2
of 2Sign up to see the content. It's free!
- Access to all documents
- Improve your grades
- Join milions of students
Short Term Carbon Cycle
The short term carbon cycle is the fast-paced version that moves carbon through living things in just years or decades. This cycle shifts between 1,000 to 100,000 million tonnes of carbon annually - that's massive compared to the long-term cycle!
The cycle revolves around four key processes: photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion. Plants act as primary producers, absorbing CO₂ during photosynthesis and converting it into carbohydrates whilst releasing oxygen. Marine phytoplankton do exactly the same thing in our oceans.
Animals break down these carbohydrates for energy, releasing CO₂ through respiration and methane through digestion. When organisms die, bacteria and fungi decompose them, releasing even more CO₂ and methane back to the atmosphere. Some carbon gets transferred into soil as humus, which contains millions of microorganisms that are also part of this cycle.
Remember This: Special environments like peat soils store massive amounts of carbon because they're so waterlogged that plants can't decompose properly. Climate change creates uncertainty about whether these areas will store more or less carbon in the future - making them crucial to monitor.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Similar content
Most popular content: Carbon Cycle
3Most popular content in Geography
9Most popular content
9Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5App Store
4.7/5Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan SiOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha KlichAndroid user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
AnnaiOS user