Predstavljaj si, da je Zemljina površina kot razpokana lupina jajca... Show more
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Updated Mar 27, 2026
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Kaj je teorija tektonike plošč?
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Osnove tektonike plošč
Teorija o tektoniki plošč ti razlaga, zakaj se na Zemlji dogajajo potresi, vulkani in kako nastajajo gorstva. Zemljina zunanja trdna plast ni enoten kos, ampak je razdeljena na velike litosferske plošče, ki se neprestano premikajo.
Litosfera je Zemljina zunanja trdna lupina, sestavljena iz skorje in zgornjega dela plašča. Pod njo leži astenosfera - vroča, plastična plast, po kateri se plošče "vozijo" kot ledene gore po morju.
Celotno premikanje poganjajo konvekcijski tokovi v Zemljinem plašču. Vroča magma se dviga, se ohladi ob litosferi in potone nazaj - kot voda v loncu, ki se kuha. Ta krožni tok je motor, ki premika vse plošče.
💡 Tip za test: Ne zamešaj skorje in litosfere! Litosfera = skorja + zgornji trdni del plašča.
Trije tipi stikov plošč
Ko se plošče premikajo, se srečajo na mejah na tri različne načine. Vsak tip stika povzroča svoje značilne geološke pojave.
Divergentne meje nastanejo, ko se plošči razmikata (←→). Tu priteka nova magma na površje in ustvarja novo oceansko skorjo. Zato jih imenujemo tudi "konstruktivne" meje. Posledice so srednjeoceanski hrbti (kot Srednjeatlantski hrbet) in šibki vulkani.
Konvergentne meje so tam, kjer se plošči približujejo in trčijo (→←). Te "destruktivne" meje lahko nastanejo na tri načine. Pri oceanska-celinska se gostejša oceanska plošča podrine pod celinsko (subdukcija) in nastanejo gorovja kot Andi. Pri celinska-celinska se obe gubata navzgor in nastanejo gorstva kot Himalaja.
Transformne meje nastanejo, ko plošči drsijo druga ob drugi (↑↓). Tu se sproščajo ogromne napetosti in nastajajo močni potresi, kot na prelomnici sv. Andreja v Kaliforniji.
💡 Zapomnimo si: Divergentne = razmikanje, Konvergentne = približevanje, Transformne = drsenje
Praktični primeri iz sveta
Nastanek Himalaje je odličen primer konvergentne meje. Pred 50 milijoni let je Indijska plošča trčila v Evrazijsko. Ker sta obe celinski, se nobena ni mogla podriniti, zato so se kamnine gubale navzgor. Himalaja še vedno raste nekaj milimetrov na leto!
Srednjeatlantski hrbet nastaja na divergentni meji. Plošče se razmikata, magma priteka na oceansko dno in tvori podmorsko gorovje. Zaradi tega se Atlantski ocean vsako leto razširi za nekaj centimetrov. Islandija je del tega hrbta nad vodo - zato ima toliko vulkanov.
"Ognjeni obroč" okoli Pacifika je območje z največ potresi in vulkani na svetu. Pacifiška plošča je namreč skoraj v celoti obdana s konvergentnimi mejami, kjer poteka subdukcija.
💡 Zanimivost: Atlantski ocean se širi, Pacifiški pa se krči - zato je okoli Pacifika toliko vulkanov!
Tektonika plošč in Slovenija
Slovenija leži na stiku Evrazijske plošče in manjše Jadranske mikroplošče (del Afriške plošče). Ta stik je konvergentna meja tipa celinska-celinska.
Jadranska plošča se premika proti severu in se podriva pod Evrazijsko, hkrati pa se vrti. Ta pritisk povzroča gubanje in dvig Alp ter Dinaridov. Napetosti v kamninah se občasno sprostijo kot potresi.
Zato je Slovenija potresno aktivno območje, še posebej Posočje, okolica Ljubljane in Krško. To ni naključje - to so območja, kjer se kopičijo največje tektonske napetosti.
Za razliko od Wegenerjeve teorije o premikanju celin, tektonika plošč pojasnjuje tudi mehanizem premikanja (konvekcijski tokovi) in da se premikajo celotne litosferske plošče, ne le celinski del.
💡 Pomembno za življenje: Poznavanje potresne aktivnosti je ključno za varno gradnjo v Sloveniji!
Povzetek za ponavljanje
Tektonika plošč razlaga, da je litosfera razdeljena na plošče, ki plavajo na plastični astenosferi. Glavna gonilna sila so konvekcijski tokovi v Zemljinem plašču.
Trije tipi mej: Divergentne (razmikanje → nova skorja, oceanski hrbti), Konvergentne (trčenje → subdukcija, gorstva, vulkani), Transformne (drsenje → močni potresi).
Ključne posledice tektonike plošč so potresi, vulkanizem, nastanek gorstev, globokomorski jarki in otočni loki. Slovenija je potresno aktivna zaradi stika Evrazijske in Jadranske plošče.
Za test se osredotoči na: razlike med tipi mej, gonilno silo (konvekcijski tokovi), konkretne primere (Himalaja, Alpe, Islandija) in potresno aktivnost Slovenije.
💡 Hiter trik: Divergentne = nova skorja, Konvergentne = uničena skorja ali gubanje, Transformne = brez spreminjanja skorje
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
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Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
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Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Kaj je teorija tektonike plošč?
Predstavljaj si, da je Zemljina površina kot razpokana lupina jajca - sestavljena iz ogromnih kosov, ki se počasi premikajo. Ta premikanja povzročajo vse, od potresov v Sloveniji do nastanka Himalaje. To je osnova tektonike plošč- ene najpomembnejših teorij v... Show more
Osnove tektonike plošč
Teorija o tektoniki plošč ti razlaga, zakaj se na Zemlji dogajajo potresi, vulkani in kako nastajajo gorstva. Zemljina zunanja trdna plast ni enoten kos, ampak je razdeljena na velike litosferske plošče, ki se neprestano premikajo.
Litosfera je Zemljina zunanja trdna lupina, sestavljena iz skorje in zgornjega dela plašča. Pod njo leži astenosfera - vroča, plastična plast, po kateri se plošče "vozijo" kot ledene gore po morju.
Celotno premikanje poganjajo konvekcijski tokovi v Zemljinem plašču. Vroča magma se dviga, se ohladi ob litosferi in potone nazaj - kot voda v loncu, ki se kuha. Ta krožni tok je motor, ki premika vse plošče.
💡 Tip za test: Ne zamešaj skorje in litosfere! Litosfera = skorja + zgornji trdni del plašča.
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Trije tipi stikov plošč
Ko se plošče premikajo, se srečajo na mejah na tri različne načine. Vsak tip stika povzroča svoje značilne geološke pojave.
Divergentne meje nastanejo, ko se plošči razmikata (←→). Tu priteka nova magma na površje in ustvarja novo oceansko skorjo. Zato jih imenujemo tudi "konstruktivne" meje. Posledice so srednjeoceanski hrbti (kot Srednjeatlantski hrbet) in šibki vulkani.
Konvergentne meje so tam, kjer se plošči približujejo in trčijo (→←). Te "destruktivne" meje lahko nastanejo na tri načine. Pri oceanska-celinska se gostejša oceanska plošča podrine pod celinsko (subdukcija) in nastanejo gorovja kot Andi. Pri celinska-celinska se obe gubata navzgor in nastanejo gorstva kot Himalaja.
Transformne meje nastanejo, ko plošči drsijo druga ob drugi (↑↓). Tu se sproščajo ogromne napetosti in nastajajo močni potresi, kot na prelomnici sv. Andreja v Kaliforniji.
💡 Zapomnimo si: Divergentne = razmikanje, Konvergentne = približevanje, Transformne = drsenje
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Praktični primeri iz sveta
Nastanek Himalaje je odličen primer konvergentne meje. Pred 50 milijoni let je Indijska plošča trčila v Evrazijsko. Ker sta obe celinski, se nobena ni mogla podriniti, zato so se kamnine gubale navzgor. Himalaja še vedno raste nekaj milimetrov na leto!
Srednjeatlantski hrbet nastaja na divergentni meji. Plošče se razmikata, magma priteka na oceansko dno in tvori podmorsko gorovje. Zaradi tega se Atlantski ocean vsako leto razširi za nekaj centimetrov. Islandija je del tega hrbta nad vodo - zato ima toliko vulkanov.
"Ognjeni obroč" okoli Pacifika je območje z največ potresi in vulkani na svetu. Pacifiška plošča je namreč skoraj v celoti obdana s konvergentnimi mejami, kjer poteka subdukcija.
💡 Zanimivost: Atlantski ocean se širi, Pacifiški pa se krči - zato je okoli Pacifika toliko vulkanov!
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Tektonika plošč in Slovenija
Slovenija leži na stiku Evrazijske plošče in manjše Jadranske mikroplošče (del Afriške plošče). Ta stik je konvergentna meja tipa celinska-celinska.
Jadranska plošča se premika proti severu in se podriva pod Evrazijsko, hkrati pa se vrti. Ta pritisk povzroča gubanje in dvig Alp ter Dinaridov. Napetosti v kamninah se občasno sprostijo kot potresi.
Zato je Slovenija potresno aktivno območje, še posebej Posočje, okolica Ljubljane in Krško. To ni naključje - to so območja, kjer se kopičijo največje tektonske napetosti.
Za razliko od Wegenerjeve teorije o premikanju celin, tektonika plošč pojasnjuje tudi mehanizem premikanja (konvekcijski tokovi) in da se premikajo celotne litosferske plošče, ne le celinski del.
💡 Pomembno za življenje: Poznavanje potresne aktivnosti je ključno za varno gradnjo v Sloveniji!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Povzetek za ponavljanje
Tektonika plošč razlaga, da je litosfera razdeljena na plošče, ki plavajo na plastični astenosferi. Glavna gonilna sila so konvekcijski tokovi v Zemljinem plašču.
Trije tipi mej: Divergentne (razmikanje → nova skorja, oceanski hrbti), Konvergentne (trčenje → subdukcija, gorstva, vulkani), Transformne (drsenje → močni potresi).
Ključne posledice tektonike plošč so potresi, vulkanizem, nastanek gorstev, globokomorski jarki in otočni loki. Slovenija je potresno aktivna zaradi stika Evrazijske in Jadranske plošče.
Za test se osredotoči na: razlike med tipi mej, gonilno silo (konvekcijski tokovi), konkretne primere (Himalaja, Alpe, Islandija) in potresno aktivnost Slovenije.
💡 Hiter trik: Divergentne = nova skorja, Konvergentne = uničena skorja ali gubanje, Transformne = brez spreminjanja skorje
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user