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Updated Mar 27, 2026
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Vse o kamninah in mineralih: vrste, nastanek in uporaba
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Osnove kamnin in mineralov
Predstavljaj si mineral kot čisto snov s popolnoma določeno kemijsko sestavo - kot sol v tvoji kuhinji. Kamnina pa je mešanica različnih mineralov, podobno kot bi bilo pecivo narejeno iz več sestavin.
Petrologija je veda, ki proučuje te kamnine. Ključna je tudi razlika med magmo (staljena kamnina pod zemljo) in lavo (ista snov, ko priteče na površje pri vulkanskem izbruhu).
Zapomni si: Mineral = ena čista snov, kamnina = zmes več mineralov. To je osnovna razlika, ki jo moraš obvladati za test!
Magmatske kamnine - rjeni iz ognja
Magmatske kamnine nastanejo, ko se magma ali lava ohladi in strdi. Velikost kristalov ti pove zgodbo njihovega nastanka!
Globočnine se oblikujejo globoko pod zemljo, kjer se magma počasi ohlaja. To omogoča rast velikih, vidnih kristalov. Najboljši primer je granit s Pohorja - vidiš ga na ljubljanskih tlakovcih in nagrobnikih.
Predornine nastanejo na površju, kjer se lava hitro ohladi. Kristali so drobni ali jih sploh ni. Bazalt je temna, gosta kamnina, plovec pa tako lahek, da plava na vodi zaradi ujete razpline.
Nasvet: Hitrost ohlajanja = velikost kristalov. Počasno = veliki, hitro = majhni!
Sedimentne kamnine - zgodbe iz preteklosti
Te kamnine so kot zgodovinske knjige - nastanejo v plasteh na Zemljinem površju. Proces poteka v štirih korakih: preperevanje (razpadanje kamnin), erozija (odnašanje delcev), usedanje in diageneza (stiskanje v trdno kamnino).
Klastične kamnine so sestavljene iz delcev drugih kamnin. Konglomerat je kot sprijet rečni prod, peščenjak iz zrn peska, glinavec iz glinenih delcev.
Kemijske kamnine nastanejo z izločanjem iz vode. Lehnjak lahko vidiš ob slapovih na Krki, kamena sol pa nastane z izhlapljevanjem slanih jezer.
Organogene kamnine so ostanki živih bitij. Apnenec je v Sloveniji superstar - iz lupin in skeletov morskih živali je nastal ves Kras s svojimi jamami!
Zanimivost: Postojnska jama je nastala zato, ker voda raztaplja apnenec!
Metamorfne kamnine - preoblikovanje pod pritiskom
Metamorfne kamnine nastanejo, ko obstoječe kamnine "prekuhamo" z visokimi temperaturami in pritiski globoko v zemlji. Pomembno: kamnina se ne stali, le preoblikuje!
Marmor nastane iz apnenca in ga uporabljamo za kipe ter elegantne obloge. Slovenski hotaveljski marmor je svetovno znan. Gnajs se oblikuje iz granita in ima značilne svetle ter temne pasove.
Skrilavec iz glinavca se odlično kolje v tanke plošče - odličen za strešne kritine. Kvarcit iz peščenjaka pa je izjemno trda in odporna kamnina.
Ključno razumevanje: Metamorfoza = preoblikovanje, NE taljenje! Če se kamnina stali, nastane magma.
Kroženje kamnin in praktična uporaba
Kroženje kamnin povezuje vse tri vrste v neskončnem ciklu. Vsaka kamnina se lahko spremeni v katero koli drugo - magmatska lahko prepereva v sediment, sedimentna postane metamorfna, metamorfna se lahko stali v magmo.
V Sloveniji uporabljamo kamnine povsod: apnenec za gradnjo in apno, granit s Pohorja za tlakovanje, marmor za spomenike, glino za opeko. Premog iz Velenja in Trbovelj je bil nekoč naš glavni energetski vir.
Tudi pesek in prod (še nista kamnini, ampak sediment) sta osnova za beton, iz katerega gradimo hiše in ceste.
Praktični nasvet: Poglej okrog sebe - verjetno vidiš vsaj tri različne vrste kamnin že v svoji hiši!
Hitro ponavljanje za test
Za uspešen test si zapomni tri glavne skupine: magmatske , sedimentne in metamorfne .
Kroženje kamnin pomeni, da se vse vrste lahko spreminjajo ena v drugo. Ključni primeri za Slovenijo: apnenec ustvarja Kras z jamami, granit s Pohorja vidimo v mestih, hotaveljski marmor pa v umetniških delih.
Razlika med mineralom (čista snov) in kamnino (zmes mineralov) ter med magmo (pod zemljo) in lavo (na površju) je osnova, ki jo moraš obvladati.
Zaupaj vase: Te koncepte uporabljaš že zdaj - prepoznaš različne kamnine okoli sebe in razumeš, kako nastajajo!
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Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
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The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
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In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
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very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
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I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
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THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Vse o kamninah in mineralih: vrste, nastanek in uporaba
Vse okrog sebe - od tal, po katerih hodiš, do zidov tvoje hiše - je narejeno iz kamnin in mineralov. Te naravne snovi so osnova celotne Zemljine skorje in jih uporabljamo praktično povsod v vsakdanjem življenju. Razumevanje njihovega nastanka ti... Show more
Osnove kamnin in mineralov
Predstavljaj si mineral kot čisto snov s popolnoma določeno kemijsko sestavo - kot sol v tvoji kuhinji. Kamnina pa je mešanica različnih mineralov, podobno kot bi bilo pecivo narejeno iz več sestavin.
Petrologija je veda, ki proučuje te kamnine. Ključna je tudi razlika med magmo (staljena kamnina pod zemljo) in lavo (ista snov, ko priteče na površje pri vulkanskem izbruhu).
Zapomni si: Mineral = ena čista snov, kamnina = zmes več mineralov. To je osnovna razlika, ki jo moraš obvladati za test!
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Magmatske kamnine - rjeni iz ognja
Magmatske kamnine nastanejo, ko se magma ali lava ohladi in strdi. Velikost kristalov ti pove zgodbo njihovega nastanka!
Globočnine se oblikujejo globoko pod zemljo, kjer se magma počasi ohlaja. To omogoča rast velikih, vidnih kristalov. Najboljši primer je granit s Pohorja - vidiš ga na ljubljanskih tlakovcih in nagrobnikih.
Predornine nastanejo na površju, kjer se lava hitro ohladi. Kristali so drobni ali jih sploh ni. Bazalt je temna, gosta kamnina, plovec pa tako lahek, da plava na vodi zaradi ujete razpline.
Nasvet: Hitrost ohlajanja = velikost kristalov. Počasno = veliki, hitro = majhni!
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Sedimentne kamnine - zgodbe iz preteklosti
Te kamnine so kot zgodovinske knjige - nastanejo v plasteh na Zemljinem površju. Proces poteka v štirih korakih: preperevanje (razpadanje kamnin), erozija (odnašanje delcev), usedanje in diageneza (stiskanje v trdno kamnino).
Klastične kamnine so sestavljene iz delcev drugih kamnin. Konglomerat je kot sprijet rečni prod, peščenjak iz zrn peska, glinavec iz glinenih delcev.
Kemijske kamnine nastanejo z izločanjem iz vode. Lehnjak lahko vidiš ob slapovih na Krki, kamena sol pa nastane z izhlapljevanjem slanih jezer.
Organogene kamnine so ostanki živih bitij. Apnenec je v Sloveniji superstar - iz lupin in skeletov morskih živali je nastal ves Kras s svojimi jamami!
Zanimivost: Postojnska jama je nastala zato, ker voda raztaplja apnenec!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Metamorfne kamnine - preoblikovanje pod pritiskom
Metamorfne kamnine nastanejo, ko obstoječe kamnine "prekuhamo" z visokimi temperaturami in pritiski globoko v zemlji. Pomembno: kamnina se ne stali, le preoblikuje!
Marmor nastane iz apnenca in ga uporabljamo za kipe ter elegantne obloge. Slovenski hotaveljski marmor je svetovno znan. Gnajs se oblikuje iz granita in ima značilne svetle ter temne pasove.
Skrilavec iz glinavca se odlično kolje v tanke plošče - odličen za strešne kritine. Kvarcit iz peščenjaka pa je izjemno trda in odporna kamnina.
Ključno razumevanje: Metamorfoza = preoblikovanje, NE taljenje! Če se kamnina stali, nastane magma.
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Kroženje kamnin in praktična uporaba
Kroženje kamnin povezuje vse tri vrste v neskončnem ciklu. Vsaka kamnina se lahko spremeni v katero koli drugo - magmatska lahko prepereva v sediment, sedimentna postane metamorfna, metamorfna se lahko stali v magmo.
V Sloveniji uporabljamo kamnine povsod: apnenec za gradnjo in apno, granit s Pohorja za tlakovanje, marmor za spomenike, glino za opeko. Premog iz Velenja in Trbovelj je bil nekoč naš glavni energetski vir.
Tudi pesek in prod (še nista kamnini, ampak sediment) sta osnova za beton, iz katerega gradimo hiše in ceste.
Praktični nasvet: Poglej okrog sebe - verjetno vidiš vsaj tri različne vrste kamnin že v svoji hiši!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hitro ponavljanje za test
Za uspešen test si zapomni tri glavne skupine: magmatske , sedimentne in metamorfne .
Kroženje kamnin pomeni, da se vse vrste lahko spreminjajo ena v drugo. Ključni primeri za Slovenijo: apnenec ustvarja Kras z jamami, granit s Pohorja vidimo v mestih, hotaveljski marmor pa v umetniških delih.
Razlika med mineralom (čista snov) in kamnino (zmes mineralov) ter med magmo (pod zemljo) in lavo (na površju) je osnova, ki jo moraš obvladati.
Zaupaj vase: Te koncepte uporabljaš že zdaj - prepoznaš različne kamnine okoli sebe in razumeš, kako nastajajo!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user