Evropa je pravo naravno bogastvo, kjer se prepletajo različna gorovja,... Show more
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Updated Apr 19, 2026
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Geografska Raznolikost Europe: Relief, Podnebje in Vode
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Fizičnogeografska raznolikost Evrope - osnove
Zakaj je Evropa tako pestра? Vse se začne pri geološki zgradbi - temelju, ki določa oblike površja. Tu najdemo stara jedra kot je Baltiški ščit ter mlajše, nagubane kamnine.
Reliefne enote so tiste večje oblike, ki jih vidiš na karti - gorovja, nižavja, kotline. Podnebje pa določajo geografska širina, bližina morja in seveda relief sam.
Pomembno za maturo: Razumeš moraš povezavo med vsemi elementi - kako geologija vpliva na relief, ta na podnebje, to pa na rastlinstvo.
Ključni je tudi rečni režim - kako se spreminja vodostaj rek čez leto. To je odvisno od padavin in taljenja snega.
Relief Evrope - tri glavne enote
Stara gorovja in nižavja najdeš na severu in vzhodu. Imajo zaobljene vrhove, nižje višine, a so bogata z rudami - železo, premog. Dolgotrajno delovanje erozije jih je "zgladilo".
Primeri so Skandinavsko gorovje, Ural (meja z Azijo) in Škotsko višavje. Pripadajoča nižavja so nastala z usedanjem - največje je Vzhodnoevropsko nižavje.
Mlada alpidska gorovja so druga zgodba. Nastala so z gubanjem ob stiku Afriške in Evrazijske plošče. Ostri vrhovi, strma pobočja, potresi, vulkani (Etna, Vezuv). To so Alpe, Pireneji, Apenini, Karpati, Dinaridi.
Ključno: Stara gorovja = zaobljena, mlada = ostra!
Pleistocenska poledenitev je pustila velike sledi. Ustvarila je fjorde v Norveški, tisoče jezer na Finskem in morene na severu Nemčije.
Podnebje Evrope - od oceana do celine
Večina Evrope uživa zmerno podnebje zaradi lege in vpliva Atlantika. Vendar so razlike ogromne!
Oceansko podnebje zahoda (Britanija, Francija) prinaša mile zime, sveža poletja in enakomerne padavine. Čarobna beseda: Severnoatlantski tok!
Celinsko podnebje vzhoda (Rusija, Poljska) pomeni hladne zime, vroča poletja in velike temperaturne razlike. Sredozemsko podnebje juga daje vroča, suha poletja ter mile, deževne zime.
Za maturo: Brez Severnoatlantskega toka bi bila Zahodna Evropa hladna kot Kanada!
V gorah velja vertikalna zonalnost - z višino se vse spremeni, kot da bi šel proti severu.
Vode Evrope - štiri glavna povodja
Evropske reke se stekajo v štiri smeri. Črnomorsko povodje vodi Donava (najdaljša v EU, teče skozi 10 držav). Severnomorsko obvladuje gospodarski Ren.
Sredozemsko povodje hranijo Ebro, Rona, Pad. Baltsko pa Visla in Odra. Posebnež je Volga - najdaljša evropska reka se izliva v Kaspijsko jezero.
Rečni režimi so različni: snežni (visok vodostaj spomladi), dežni (visok pozimi v Sredozemlju) in mešani .
Pomembno: Donava in Ren sta "avtocesti" Evrope za trgovino.
Režim reke pove zgodbo o podnebju njenega povodja!
Naravne pokrajine - od tundre do sredozemskih oljk
Naravne pokrajine se razporejajo pasovno od severa proti jugu, kar odraža podnebne razlike.
Tundra na skrajnem severu ima nizko grmičevje in trajno zmrznjeno tla (permafrost). Tajga južneje prinaša iglaste gozdove in izprano podzolno prst.
Mešani in listnati gozdovi zmernega pasu rastejo na rodovitnih rjavih prsteh. Stepa vzhodnih nižin je travnata pokrajina s černozem - najrodovitnejšo prstjo sveta!
Zapomniti: Črna prst (černozem) = zlatna jama za kmetijstvo!
Sredozemsko rastlinstvo ob jugu se prilagaja suši - makija, oljke, agrumi na rdečkasti prsti (terra rossa).
Praktična primera za razumevanje povezav
Norveška odlično prikazuje povezanost. Star relief je ledenodobna poledenitev preoblikovala v fjorde in jezera. Severnoatlantski tok omogoča oceansko podnebje ob obali, kljub visoki geografski širini.
Madžarska predstavlja drugačen primer. Panonska nižina z ravnim reliefom in celinskim podnebjem je ustvarila stepsko pokrajino z izjemno rodovitnim černozem. To je osnova za intenzivno kmetijstvo - "žitnica Evrope".
Maturo boš naredil: Če znaš razložiti, kako se vsi elementi povezujejo!
Ključne povezave za ponavljanje: stara gorovja so zaobljena in bogata z rudami, mlada pa ostra in tektonsko aktivna. Severnoatlantski tok je razlog za milo zahodno podnebje. Podnebje določa prst - celinsko podnebje ustvari černozem, subpolarno pa podzol.
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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
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In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
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very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
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I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
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THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Geografska Raznolikost Europe: Relief, Podnebje in Vode
Evropa je pravo naravno bogastvo, kjer se prepletajo različna gorovja, podnebja in pokrajine. Ta raznolikost ni naključna - vse skupaj je rezultat zapletene igre med geologijo, lego ob Atlantiku in vplivom sosednjih kontinentov.
Fizičnogeografska raznolikost Evrope - osnove
Zakaj je Evropa tako pestра? Vse se začne pri geološki zgradbi - temelju, ki določa oblike površja. Tu najdemo stara jedra kot je Baltiški ščit ter mlajše, nagubane kamnine.
Reliefne enote so tiste večje oblike, ki jih vidiš na karti - gorovja, nižavja, kotline. Podnebje pa določajo geografska širina, bližina morja in seveda relief sam.
Pomembno za maturo: Razumeš moraš povezavo med vsemi elementi - kako geologija vpliva na relief, ta na podnebje, to pa na rastlinstvo.
Ključni je tudi rečni režim - kako se spreminja vodostaj rek čez leto. To je odvisno od padavin in taljenja snega.
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Relief Evrope - tri glavne enote
Stara gorovja in nižavja najdeš na severu in vzhodu. Imajo zaobljene vrhove, nižje višine, a so bogata z rudami - železo, premog. Dolgotrajno delovanje erozije jih je "zgladilo".
Primeri so Skandinavsko gorovje, Ural (meja z Azijo) in Škotsko višavje. Pripadajoča nižavja so nastala z usedanjem - največje je Vzhodnoevropsko nižavje.
Mlada alpidska gorovja so druga zgodba. Nastala so z gubanjem ob stiku Afriške in Evrazijske plošče. Ostri vrhovi, strma pobočja, potresi, vulkani (Etna, Vezuv). To so Alpe, Pireneji, Apenini, Karpati, Dinaridi.
Ključno: Stara gorovja = zaobljena, mlada = ostra!
Pleistocenska poledenitev je pustila velike sledi. Ustvarila je fjorde v Norveški, tisoče jezer na Finskem in morene na severu Nemčije.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Podnebje Evrope - od oceana do celine
Večina Evrope uživa zmerno podnebje zaradi lege in vpliva Atlantika. Vendar so razlike ogromne!
Oceansko podnebje zahoda (Britanija, Francija) prinaša mile zime, sveža poletja in enakomerne padavine. Čarobna beseda: Severnoatlantski tok!
Celinsko podnebje vzhoda (Rusija, Poljska) pomeni hladne zime, vroča poletja in velike temperaturne razlike. Sredozemsko podnebje juga daje vroča, suha poletja ter mile, deževne zime.
Za maturo: Brez Severnoatlantskega toka bi bila Zahodna Evropa hladna kot Kanada!
V gorah velja vertikalna zonalnost - z višino se vse spremeni, kot da bi šel proti severu.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Vode Evrope - štiri glavna povodja
Evropske reke se stekajo v štiri smeri. Črnomorsko povodje vodi Donava (najdaljša v EU, teče skozi 10 držav). Severnomorsko obvladuje gospodarski Ren.
Sredozemsko povodje hranijo Ebro, Rona, Pad. Baltsko pa Visla in Odra. Posebnež je Volga - najdaljša evropska reka se izliva v Kaspijsko jezero.
Rečni režimi so različni: snežni (visok vodostaj spomladi), dežni (visok pozimi v Sredozemlju) in mešani .
Pomembno: Donava in Ren sta "avtocesti" Evrope za trgovino.
Režim reke pove zgodbo o podnebju njenega povodja!
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Naravne pokrajine - od tundre do sredozemskih oljk
Naravne pokrajine se razporejajo pasovno od severa proti jugu, kar odraža podnebne razlike.
Tundra na skrajnem severu ima nizko grmičevje in trajno zmrznjeno tla (permafrost). Tajga južneje prinaša iglaste gozdove in izprano podzolno prst.
Mešani in listnati gozdovi zmernega pasu rastejo na rodovitnih rjavih prsteh. Stepa vzhodnih nižin je travnata pokrajina s černozem - najrodovitnejšo prstjo sveta!
Zapomniti: Črna prst (černozem) = zlatna jama za kmetijstvo!
Sredozemsko rastlinstvo ob jugu se prilagaja suši - makija, oljke, agrumi na rdečkasti prsti (terra rossa).
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktična primera za razumevanje povezav
Norveška odlično prikazuje povezanost. Star relief je ledenodobna poledenitev preoblikovala v fjorde in jezera. Severnoatlantski tok omogoča oceansko podnebje ob obali, kljub visoki geografski širini.
Madžarska predstavlja drugačen primer. Panonska nižina z ravnim reliefom in celinskim podnebjem je ustvarila stepsko pokrajino z izjemno rodovitnim černozem. To je osnova za intenzivno kmetijstvo - "žitnica Evrope".
Maturo boš naredil: Če znaš razložiti, kako se vsi elementi povezujejo!
Ključne povezave za ponavljanje: stara gorovja so zaobljena in bogata z rudami, mlada pa ostra in tektonsko aktivna. Severnoatlantski tok je razlog za milo zahodno podnebje. Podnebje določa prst - celinsko podnebje ustvari černozem, subpolarno pa podzol.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.7/5
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user