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16 Jan 2026
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Historia y evolución de la economía humana
C
Carla Pachon
@carlapachon_hebn
1 / 8
Prehistoria: Los Primeros Pasos Económicos
Durante el Paleolítico, nuestros antepasados vivían con una economía depredadora - básicamente tomaban lo que la naturaleza les daba. La caza, pesca y recolección eran su día a día, y esto los obligaba a ser nómadas porque cuando se acababa la comida de un lugar, tenían que mudarse.
Todo cambió en el Neolítico con la economía productora. ¡Por primera vez en la historia, los humanos aprendieron a cultivar y domesticar animales! Esto fue revolucionario porque pudieron volverse sedentarios y establecerse cerca de grandes ríos como el Nilo.
¿Sabías que? Los primeros asentamientos siempre estaban cerca de ríos porque el agua hacía la tierra más fértil para la agricultura.
La Edad de los Metales trajo algo increíble: ¡empezaron a producir más de lo que necesitaban! Este excedente se almacenaba para después, y junto con la metalurgia y la invención de la rueda, nació el comercio.
Edad Antigua: Cuando las Civilizaciones Florecieron
En Mesopotamia, la economía productora excedentaria se perfeccionó con la agricultura de regadío. La gente trabajaba junta para construir canales, y los templos administraban las cosechas. Esto permitió que algunos se especializaran en ser comerciantes y artesanos.
Egipto seguía el mismo patrón, pero el río Nilo era su superestrella económica. No solo regaba los campos, sino que también servía como autopista para transportar mercancías. Aquí apareció el faraón como máximo líder económico y político.
Dato curioso: Los griegos fueron los primeros en usar moneda de forma generalizada y crear el sistema bancario que conocemos hoy.
Grecia desarrolló una economía comercial colonizadora porque no tenían suficientes recursos locales. Viajaban por el Mediterráneo buscando lo que necesitaban, creando una red comercial impresionante.
Roma perfeccionó todo esto con el desarrollo comercial integral, unificando mapas, precios y productos. Pero también introdujeron algo menos popular: ¡los impuestos obligatorios para financiar el ejército!
Edad Media: Entre Crisis y Renacimiento Económico
La Alta Edad Media fue una época dura económicamente. Se abandonó la esclavitud pero surgió el feudalismo. Los campesinos trabajaban tierras que no eran suyas, y la economía de autoabastecimiento hizo que el comercio casi desapareciera.
Los siervos dependían de la nobleza local, quien les daba protección militar a cambio de trabajo. La producción cayó tanto que algunas ciudades destruyeron monumentos para vender los materiales.
Momento clave: La Baja Edad Media marcó el regreso del comercio gracias a innovaciones técnicas que aumentaron la producción agrícola.
La Baja Edad Media trajo esperanza con un crecimiento económico impresionante. Las innovaciones tecnológicas permitieron generar excedentes que se destinaron a la artesanía y el comercio. Surgieron las burguesías, prestamistas y banqueros.
La "revolución comercial" creó sociedades comerciales, nuevos sistemas de crédito y las famosas guildas. Ciudades como Venecia y Génova competían ferozmente por controlar el Mediterráneo.
Edad Moderna: Hacia el Mercantilismo
El Estado Moderno comenzó con el pre-mercantilismo, intentando crear sistemas económicos compatibles con las doctrinas cristianas. Los pensadores buscaban equilibrar la prosperidad económica con la justicia social.
Durante el Despotismo ilustrado, el mercantilismo sustituyó completamente al feudalismo. Esta nueva idea era simple pero poderosa: los países son más ricos mientras más metales preciosos acumulen.
Conexión histórica: El mercantilismo se fortaleció gracias al colonialismo, que proporcionó metales preciosos y mano de obra barata a las potencias europeas.
El mercantilismo dominó Europa entre los siglos XVI y XVIII, reforzado por el colonialismo. Las colonias proporcionaban materias primas y metales preciosos que simbolizaban el poder nacional.
Edad Contemporánea: Revoluciones que Cambiaron Todo
Las Revoluciones liberales trajeron el liberalismo capitalista junto con la Revolución Industrial. La burguesía impulsó estas ideas de libertad individual como motor del progreso social.
La Revolución Industrial (1760-1840) transformó el mundo completamente. La máquina de vapor alimentada por carbón revolucionó la producción y el transporte. ¡Inglaterra fue la pionera, y luego se extendió por Europa, Estados Unidos y Japón!
Impacto social: La industrialización creó dos clases sociales claramente diferenciadas: los trabajadores y la burguesía dueña de las fábricas.
El movimiento obrero surgió como respuesta a las injusticias del capitalismo industrial. Los trabajadores se organizaron, crearon los primeros sindicatos (Trade Unions) y a veces destruyeron máquinas en protesta.
Aparecieron dos sistemas económicos opuestos: el capitalismo (basado en propiedad privada e interés personal) y el comunismo (propiedad común de los medios de producción). Esta rivalideología marcó los siglos posteriores.
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Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
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Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
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The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
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In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
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very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
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I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Historia y evolución de la economía humana
C
Carla Pachon
@carlapachon_hebn
¿Te has preguntado cómo ha cambiado la economía desde los cazadores prehistóricos hasta el mundo actual? Este viaje fascinante nos muestra cómo los humanos pasaron de simplemente sobrevivir a crear sistemas económicos complejos que definen nuestras sociedades.
Prehistoria: Los Primeros Pasos Económicos
Durante el Paleolítico, nuestros antepasados vivían con una economía depredadora - básicamente tomaban lo que la naturaleza les daba. La caza, pesca y recolección eran su día a día, y esto los obligaba a ser nómadas porque cuando se acababa la comida de un lugar, tenían que mudarse.
Todo cambió en el Neolítico con la economía productora. ¡Por primera vez en la historia, los humanos aprendieron a cultivar y domesticar animales! Esto fue revolucionario porque pudieron volverse sedentarios y establecerse cerca de grandes ríos como el Nilo.
¿Sabías que? Los primeros asentamientos siempre estaban cerca de ríos porque el agua hacía la tierra más fértil para la agricultura.
La Edad de los Metales trajo algo increíble: ¡empezaron a producir más de lo que necesitaban! Este excedente se almacenaba para después, y junto con la metalurgia y la invención de la rueda, nació el comercio.
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Edad Antigua: Cuando las Civilizaciones Florecieron
En Mesopotamia, la economía productora excedentaria se perfeccionó con la agricultura de regadío. La gente trabajaba junta para construir canales, y los templos administraban las cosechas. Esto permitió que algunos se especializaran en ser comerciantes y artesanos.
Egipto seguía el mismo patrón, pero el río Nilo era su superestrella económica. No solo regaba los campos, sino que también servía como autopista para transportar mercancías. Aquí apareció el faraón como máximo líder económico y político.
Dato curioso: Los griegos fueron los primeros en usar moneda de forma generalizada y crear el sistema bancario que conocemos hoy.
Grecia desarrolló una economía comercial colonizadora porque no tenían suficientes recursos locales. Viajaban por el Mediterráneo buscando lo que necesitaban, creando una red comercial impresionante.
Roma perfeccionó todo esto con el desarrollo comercial integral, unificando mapas, precios y productos. Pero también introdujeron algo menos popular: ¡los impuestos obligatorios para financiar el ejército!
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Edad Media: Entre Crisis y Renacimiento Económico
La Alta Edad Media fue una época dura económicamente. Se abandonó la esclavitud pero surgió el feudalismo. Los campesinos trabajaban tierras que no eran suyas, y la economía de autoabastecimiento hizo que el comercio casi desapareciera.
Los siervos dependían de la nobleza local, quien les daba protección militar a cambio de trabajo. La producción cayó tanto que algunas ciudades destruyeron monumentos para vender los materiales.
Momento clave: La Baja Edad Media marcó el regreso del comercio gracias a innovaciones técnicas que aumentaron la producción agrícola.
La Baja Edad Media trajo esperanza con un crecimiento económico impresionante. Las innovaciones tecnológicas permitieron generar excedentes que se destinaron a la artesanía y el comercio. Surgieron las burguesías, prestamistas y banqueros.
La "revolución comercial" creó sociedades comerciales, nuevos sistemas de crédito y las famosas guildas. Ciudades como Venecia y Génova competían ferozmente por controlar el Mediterráneo.
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Edad Moderna: Hacia el Mercantilismo
El Estado Moderno comenzó con el pre-mercantilismo, intentando crear sistemas económicos compatibles con las doctrinas cristianas. Los pensadores buscaban equilibrar la prosperidad económica con la justicia social.
Durante el Despotismo ilustrado, el mercantilismo sustituyó completamente al feudalismo. Esta nueva idea era simple pero poderosa: los países son más ricos mientras más metales preciosos acumulen.
Conexión histórica: El mercantilismo se fortaleció gracias al colonialismo, que proporcionó metales preciosos y mano de obra barata a las potencias europeas.
El mercantilismo dominó Europa entre los siglos XVI y XVIII, reforzado por el colonialismo. Las colonias proporcionaban materias primas y metales preciosos que simbolizaban el poder nacional.
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Edad Contemporánea: Revoluciones que Cambiaron Todo
Las Revoluciones liberales trajeron el liberalismo capitalista junto con la Revolución Industrial. La burguesía impulsó estas ideas de libertad individual como motor del progreso social.
La Revolución Industrial (1760-1840) transformó el mundo completamente. La máquina de vapor alimentada por carbón revolucionó la producción y el transporte. ¡Inglaterra fue la pionera, y luego se extendió por Europa, Estados Unidos y Japón!
Impacto social: La industrialización creó dos clases sociales claramente diferenciadas: los trabajadores y la burguesía dueña de las fábricas.
El movimiento obrero surgió como respuesta a las injusticias del capitalismo industrial. Los trabajadores se organizaron, crearon los primeros sindicatos (Trade Unions) y a veces destruyeron máquinas en protesta.
Aparecieron dos sistemas económicos opuestos: el capitalismo (basado en propiedad privada e interés personal) y el comunismo (propiedad común de los medios de producción). Esta rivalideología marcó los siglos posteriores.
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What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user