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Learning About Tiny Particles and Cool Ionisation Techniques

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Learning About Tiny Particles and Cool Ionisation Techniques
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Lucy Baines

@lucybaines

·

300 Followers

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Mass spectrometry and atomic structure fundamentals guide for understanding particle analysis and electronic configuration.

  • Fundamental particles and atomic structure form the basis of our understanding of matter, including protons, neutrons, and electrons
  • Mass spectrometry techniques, particularly electron impact and electrospray ionisation, enable precise analysis of elements and compounds
  • Electronic configuration and ionisation energies provide crucial insights into atomic behavior and chemical properties
  • Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry allows for accurate mass and isotope abundance determination
  • Understanding electron shells, subshells, and orbitals is essential for predicting chemical behavior

01/02/2023

105

|·|-| FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES - Our knowledge and undertanding of adermie staveture has evolved over time. SUB-ATOMIC PARTICUP PROTON NEUTRON

View

Page 2: Mass Spectra Analysis and Detection

This page details the separation and detection stages of mass spectrometry, including the interpretation of mass spectra for different elements.

Definition: Mass spectra show the abundance of ions plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z).

Example: The mass spectrum of bromine shows characteristic isotope patterns that help identify the element.

Highlight: The flight tube separation process relies on the principle that lighter ions travel faster than heavier ones when given the same kinetic energy.

Vocabulary: Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

|·|-| FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES - Our knowledge and undertanding of adermie staveture has evolved over time. SUB-ATOMIC PARTICUP PROTON NEUTRON

View

Page 3: Electron Configuration and Orbital Structure

The third page explores the detailed structure of atomic shells, subshells, and orbitals, providing a comprehensive view of electron configuration.

Definition: Electron configuration describes how electrons are distributed in an atom's orbital structure.

Highlight: Shells are divided into subshells (s, p, d, f), each containing specific numbers of orbitals and electrons.

Example: The first shell contains only an s orbital with 2 electrons, while the second shell has both s and p orbitals holding up to 8 electrons total.

Vocabulary: Orbitals are regions in an atom where electrons are most likely to be found.

|·|-| FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES - Our knowledge and undertanding of adermie staveture has evolved over time. SUB-ATOMIC PARTICUP PROTON NEUTRON

View

Electronic Configuration

This section explores the complex arrangement of electrons in atomic shells and subshells. The orbital structure determines chemical properties and behavior.

Definition: Shells are divided into subshells containing orbitals, with each orbital holding two electrons.

Highlight: The filling order of orbitals follows increasing energy levels: 1s→2s→2p→3s→3p→4s→3d→4p→5s→4d→5p→6s.

Example: Special exceptions exist for elements like Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) in their orbital filling patterns.

|·|-| FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES - Our knowledge and undertanding of adermie staveture has evolved over time. SUB-ATOMIC PARTICUP PROTON NEUTRON

View

Ionisation Energy Principles

The page covers ionisation energy and factors affecting electron removal from atoms. Electron impact and electrospray ionisation differences become apparent in their applications.

Definition: First ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.

Highlight: Nuclear charge, atomic radius, and shielding are key factors affecting ionisation energy.

Example: Increased nuclear charge leads to higher ionisation energy due to stronger attraction to outer electrons.

|·|-| FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES - Our knowledge and undertanding of adermie staveture has evolved over time. SUB-ATOMIC PARTICUP PROTON NEUTRON

View

Page 1: Fundamental Particles and Ionisation Techniques

The first page introduces fundamental atomic particles and mass spectrometry concepts. It explains how Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry works as an analytical method for identifying elements and determining relative molecular mass.

Definition: Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to identify elements and determine their relative molecular mass by measuring the time particles take to travel a fixed distance.

Highlight: Two main ionisation techniques are presented: Electron Impact and Electrospray Ionisation, each suited for different types of substances.

Example: Electron Impact ionisation is particularly effective for substances with low molecular mass like CH₂ or CO₂, while Electrospray ionisation works better for larger molecules like proteins.

Vocabulary: Ionisation refers to the process of creating charged particles by adding or removing electrons.

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Subjects

/

Chemistry

/

Physical chemistry

/

Atomic structure

/

Electron configuration

Learning About Tiny Particles and Cool Ionisation Techniques

user profile picture

Lucy Baines

@lucybaines

·

300 Followers

Follow

Mass spectrometry and atomic structure fundamentals guide for understanding particle analysis and electronic configuration.

  • Fundamental particles and atomic structure form the basis of our understanding of matter, including protons, neutrons, and electrons
  • Mass spectrometry techniques, particularly electron impact and electrospray ionisation, enable precise analysis of elements and compounds
  • Electronic configuration and ionisation energies provide crucial insights into atomic behavior and chemical properties
  • Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry allows for accurate mass and isotope abundance determination
  • Understanding electron shells, subshells, and orbitals is essential for predicting chemical behavior

01/02/2023

105

 

12

 

Chemistry

3

|·|-| FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES - Our knowledge and undertanding of adermie staveture has evolved over time. SUB-ATOMIC PARTICUP PROTON NEUTRON

Page 2: Mass Spectra Analysis and Detection

This page details the separation and detection stages of mass spectrometry, including the interpretation of mass spectra for different elements.

Definition: Mass spectra show the abundance of ions plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z).

Example: The mass spectrum of bromine shows characteristic isotope patterns that help identify the element.

Highlight: The flight tube separation process relies on the principle that lighter ions travel faster than heavier ones when given the same kinetic energy.

Vocabulary: Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

|·|-| FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES - Our knowledge and undertanding of adermie staveture has evolved over time. SUB-ATOMIC PARTICUP PROTON NEUTRON

Page 3: Electron Configuration and Orbital Structure

The third page explores the detailed structure of atomic shells, subshells, and orbitals, providing a comprehensive view of electron configuration.

Definition: Electron configuration describes how electrons are distributed in an atom's orbital structure.

Highlight: Shells are divided into subshells (s, p, d, f), each containing specific numbers of orbitals and electrons.

Example: The first shell contains only an s orbital with 2 electrons, while the second shell has both s and p orbitals holding up to 8 electrons total.

Vocabulary: Orbitals are regions in an atom where electrons are most likely to be found.

|·|-| FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES - Our knowledge and undertanding of adermie staveture has evolved over time. SUB-ATOMIC PARTICUP PROTON NEUTRON

Electronic Configuration

This section explores the complex arrangement of electrons in atomic shells and subshells. The orbital structure determines chemical properties and behavior.

Definition: Shells are divided into subshells containing orbitals, with each orbital holding two electrons.

Highlight: The filling order of orbitals follows increasing energy levels: 1s→2s→2p→3s→3p→4s→3d→4p→5s→4d→5p→6s.

Example: Special exceptions exist for elements like Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) in their orbital filling patterns.

|·|-| FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES - Our knowledge and undertanding of adermie staveture has evolved over time. SUB-ATOMIC PARTICUP PROTON NEUTRON

Ionisation Energy Principles

The page covers ionisation energy and factors affecting electron removal from atoms. Electron impact and electrospray ionisation differences become apparent in their applications.

Definition: First ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.

Highlight: Nuclear charge, atomic radius, and shielding are key factors affecting ionisation energy.

Example: Increased nuclear charge leads to higher ionisation energy due to stronger attraction to outer electrons.

|·|-| FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES - Our knowledge and undertanding of adermie staveture has evolved over time. SUB-ATOMIC PARTICUP PROTON NEUTRON

Page 1: Fundamental Particles and Ionisation Techniques

The first page introduces fundamental atomic particles and mass spectrometry concepts. It explains how Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry works as an analytical method for identifying elements and determining relative molecular mass.

Definition: Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to identify elements and determine their relative molecular mass by measuring the time particles take to travel a fixed distance.

Highlight: Two main ionisation techniques are presented: Electron Impact and Electrospray Ionisation, each suited for different types of substances.

Example: Electron Impact ionisation is particularly effective for substances with low molecular mass like CH₂ or CO₂, while Electrospray ionisation works better for larger molecules like proteins.

Vocabulary: Ionisation refers to the process of creating charged particles by adding or removing electrons.

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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average app rating

15 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 12 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.