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Unit 1: Cell Biology - Differences and Similarities Between Plant, Animal, Fungal, and Bacterial Cells

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Nini Ju

05/08/2022

Biology

Unit 1: Cell Biology

Unit 1: Cell Biology - Differences and Similarities Between Plant, Animal, Fungal, and Bacterial Cells

The document provides an in-depth overview of cell biology, focusing on the differences between plant, animal, fungal and bacterial cells, cell membrane transport, and organelle functions. It covers key concepts in cell structure, membrane composition, and cellular processes essential for life.

• Detailed comparisons of plant, animal, fungal, and bacterial cell structures
• Explanation of passive and active transport across cell membranes
• Description of key cell organelles and their functions
• Emphasis on the unique features of different cell types

...

05/08/2022

19

UNIT 1: Cell Biology
3
Key Area 1 Cell Structure
PLANT CELL
cell wall
nucleus
vachole
Part of cell
nucleus
all membrare
vacuole
cytoplasm
ce

View

Bacterial and Fungal Cell Structures

This page delves deeper into the structures of bacterial and fungal cells, providing detailed diagrams and explanations of their unique features.

Bacterial cells are described as having a circular chromosome, plasmids, and a cell wall with a different chemical structure compared to plant and fungal cells. The absence of a nucleus and mitochondria in bacterial cells is noted as a key difference from other cell types.

Highlight: Bacterial cells lack a true nucleus and instead have a circular chromosome and plasmids containing their genetic material.

Fungal cells are shown to have similarities to both plant and animal cells, possessing a cell wall like plant cells but also containing mitochondria like animal cells. The irregular shape of fungal cells is highlighted as a distinguishing feature.

Example: Fungal cells have a cell wall like plant cells, but they also contain mitochondria similar to animal cells, making them unique among eukaryotic cells.

The page emphasizes that all cell types contain ribosomes, cell membranes, and cytoplasm, reinforcing the fundamental similarities across different cell types despite their structural differences.

UNIT 1: Cell Biology
3
Key Area 1 Cell Structure
PLANT CELL
cell wall
nucleus
vachole
Part of cell
nucleus
all membrare
vacuole
cytoplasm
ce

View

Transport Across Cell Membranes

This page focuses on the mechanisms of transport across cell membranes, explaining key concepts such as diffusion, active transport, and osmosis.

Diffusion is described as the passive movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration, requiring no energy. Active transport, in contrast, is explained as the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient, requiring energy and involving proteins in the cell membrane.

Definition: Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

The page details the molecules that can enter and exit cells through the membrane, such as oxygen and glucose entering, and carbon dioxide and urea exiting. It also explains that larger molecules like starch and proteins are too big to pass through membrane pores.

Example: Oxygen and glucose can enter cells through the membrane, while carbon dioxide and urea can exit. However, larger molecules like starch and proteins cannot pass through due to their size.

The effects of osmosis on plant and animal cells are described, introducing the concepts of turgid and plasmolysed cells. The page explains how plant cells can withstand water gain due to their cell walls, while animal cells may burst when they gain too much water.

Vocabulary: Turgid refers to a plant cell that has gained water and is swollen, while plasmolysed describes a plant cell that has lost water and has a shrunken cytoplasm.

UNIT 1: Cell Biology
3
Key Area 1 Cell Structure
PLANT CELL
cell wall
nucleus
vachole
Part of cell
nucleus
all membrare
vacuole
cytoplasm
ce

View

Cell Membrane and Organelle Functions

This page provides an overview of the cell membrane structure and the functions of key cell organelles.

The cell membrane is described as being composed of phospholipids and proteins. Its role in controlling the diffusion of molecules in and out of the cell is emphasized, along with its selective permeability.

Highlight: The cell membrane is selectively permeable, controlling which molecules can enter or exit the cell.

The page introduces the functions of important cell organelles:

  1. Mitochondria are described as the main site of energy production in the cell.
  2. Ribosomes are explained to be responsible for protein synthesis.
  3. Plasmids are defined as small circular pieces of DNA, particularly relevant in bacterial cells.

Definition: Mitochondria are organelles that serve as the main site of energy production through aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells.

Vocabulary: Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, present in all cell types.

This information provides a concise summary of the key functions of these essential cellular components, tying together the concepts of cell structure and function discussed throughout the document.

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Biology

19

5 Aug 2022

4 pages

Unit 1: Cell Biology - Differences and Similarities Between Plant, Animal, Fungal, and Bacterial Cells

N

Nini Ju

@jiangyueju_wdwe

The document provides an in-depth overview of cell biology, focusing on the differences between plant, animal, fungal and bacterial cells, cell membrane transport, and organelle functions. It covers key concepts in cell structure, membrane composition, and cellular processes essential... Show more

UNIT 1: Cell Biology
3
Key Area 1 Cell Structure
PLANT CELL
cell wall
nucleus
vachole
Part of cell
nucleus
all membrare
vacuole
cytoplasm
ce

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Bacterial and Fungal Cell Structures

This page delves deeper into the structures of bacterial and fungal cells, providing detailed diagrams and explanations of their unique features.

Bacterial cells are described as having a circular chromosome, plasmids, and a cell wall with a different chemical structure compared to plant and fungal cells. The absence of a nucleus and mitochondria in bacterial cells is noted as a key difference from other cell types.

Highlight: Bacterial cells lack a true nucleus and instead have a circular chromosome and plasmids containing their genetic material.

Fungal cells are shown to have similarities to both plant and animal cells, possessing a cell wall like plant cells but also containing mitochondria like animal cells. The irregular shape of fungal cells is highlighted as a distinguishing feature.

Example: Fungal cells have a cell wall like plant cells, but they also contain mitochondria similar to animal cells, making them unique among eukaryotic cells.

The page emphasizes that all cell types contain ribosomes, cell membranes, and cytoplasm, reinforcing the fundamental similarities across different cell types despite their structural differences.

UNIT 1: Cell Biology
3
Key Area 1 Cell Structure
PLANT CELL
cell wall
nucleus
vachole
Part of cell
nucleus
all membrare
vacuole
cytoplasm
ce

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Transport Across Cell Membranes

This page focuses on the mechanisms of transport across cell membranes, explaining key concepts such as diffusion, active transport, and osmosis.

Diffusion is described as the passive movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration, requiring no energy. Active transport, in contrast, is explained as the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient, requiring energy and involving proteins in the cell membrane.

Definition: Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

The page details the molecules that can enter and exit cells through the membrane, such as oxygen and glucose entering, and carbon dioxide and urea exiting. It also explains that larger molecules like starch and proteins are too big to pass through membrane pores.

Example: Oxygen and glucose can enter cells through the membrane, while carbon dioxide and urea can exit. However, larger molecules like starch and proteins cannot pass through due to their size.

The effects of osmosis on plant and animal cells are described, introducing the concepts of turgid and plasmolysed cells. The page explains how plant cells can withstand water gain due to their cell walls, while animal cells may burst when they gain too much water.

Vocabulary: Turgid refers to a plant cell that has gained water and is swollen, while plasmolysed describes a plant cell that has lost water and has a shrunken cytoplasm.

UNIT 1: Cell Biology
3
Key Area 1 Cell Structure
PLANT CELL
cell wall
nucleus
vachole
Part of cell
nucleus
all membrare
vacuole
cytoplasm
ce

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Cell Membrane and Organelle Functions

This page provides an overview of the cell membrane structure and the functions of key cell organelles.

The cell membrane is described as being composed of phospholipids and proteins. Its role in controlling the diffusion of molecules in and out of the cell is emphasized, along with its selective permeability.

Highlight: The cell membrane is selectively permeable, controlling which molecules can enter or exit the cell.

The page introduces the functions of important cell organelles:

  1. Mitochondria are described as the main site of energy production in the cell.
  2. Ribosomes are explained to be responsible for protein synthesis.
  3. Plasmids are defined as small circular pieces of DNA, particularly relevant in bacterial cells.

Definition: Mitochondria are organelles that serve as the main site of energy production through aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells.

Vocabulary: Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, present in all cell types.

This information provides a concise summary of the key functions of these essential cellular components, tying together the concepts of cell structure and function discussed throughout the document.

UNIT 1: Cell Biology
3
Key Area 1 Cell Structure
PLANT CELL
cell wall
nucleus
vachole
Part of cell
nucleus
all membrare
vacuole
cytoplasm
ce

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Cell Structure Comparison

This page provides a comprehensive comparison of plant, animal, fungal and bacterial cell structures. It highlights the key differences and similarities between these cell types.

Plant cells are characterized by the presence of a cell wall, large vacuole, and chloroplasts, which are absent in animal cells. The page includes detailed diagrams of plant and animal cells, labeling important organelles and structures.

Highlight: Plant cells have unique features like a cell wall, large vacuole, and chloroplasts that are not found in animal cells.

Vocabulary: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis.

The page also introduces bacterial and fungal cell structures, noting their unique features such as plasmids in bacterial cells and the different chemical composition of cell walls in plant, fungal, and bacterial cells.

Definition: Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA found in bacterial cells that can replicate independently of the main chromosome.

Common structures found in all cell types, including ribosomes, cell membrane, and cytoplasm, are also highlighted, emphasizing the fundamental similarities across different cell types.

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Stefan S

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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user