Subjects

Biology

Genetic information & variation

Dna and protein synthesis

•

1 Apr 2023

•

2 pages

Protein Synthesis Steps for Kids: Transcription and Translation Fun

savage :::::

@savage_dfsq

Protein synthesis is a complex biological process involving transcription and... Show more

Protein Synthesis
There are 2 stages of protein systhesis.
branscription which at the and translation.
Transcription
translation
1- occurs a

The Genetic Code and Gene Structure

This page delves into the characteristics of the genetic code and the nature of genes, providing essential information for understanding protein synthesis.

The genetic code has several important features:

It includes one 3-base start codon and three different 3-base stop codons.
Different codons code for different amino acids.
It is non-overlapping, meaning each codon contains only 3 bases.
It is degenerate, as most amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.

Example: The amino acid proline is coded by four different codons: CCC, CCU, CCA, and CCG.

Vocabulary: Codon - A sequence of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid or signals the start or stop of protein synthesis.

Genes are fundamental units of heredity and play a crucial role in protein synthesis:

A gene is a sequence of bases on one strand of a DNA molecule.
Each amino acid in a protein is coded by a sequence of three bases $codon$ , known as the triplet code.

Highlight: The triplet code is a key concept in understanding how genetic information is translated into proteins.

The diagram on this page illustrates the translation process, showing how mRNA codons are read by tRNA anticodons, leading to the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Definition: Anticodon - A sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon on an mRNA molecule.

Transcription and Translation: The Two Stages of Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is a fundamental biological process that occurs in two main stages: transcription and translation. This page provides an overview of both stages and their key components.

Transcription is the first stage of protein synthesis, taking place in the nucleus. During this process:

DNA uncoils and hydrogen bonds are broken by DNA helicase.
One DNA strand, called the antisense strand, serves as a template for mRNA synthesis.
Free nucleotides line up on the template strand and are joined by RNA polymerase.
The resulting mRNA molecule moves out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.

Vocabulary: Antisense strand - The DNA strand used as a template for mRNA synthesis during transcription.

Translation is the second stage, occurring at ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This process involves:

mRNA attaching to ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum $RER$ .
tRNA molecules, each carrying a specific amino acid, binding to mRNA codons.
Amino acids joining together to form a polypeptide chain.
The process repeating until a stop codon is reached.

Highlight: Both mRNA and tRNA play crucial roles in translation, with tRNA acting as the "adaptor" molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome.

Definition: Polypeptide chain - A long, linear sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds, forming the primary structure of a protein.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

Stefan S

iOS user

Samantha Klich

Android user

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Basil

Android user

David K

iOS user

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

Rohan U

Android user

Xander S

iOS user

Elisha

iOS user

Paul T

iOS user

Subjects

Biology

Genetic information & variation

Dna and protein synthesis

Biology

•

1 Apr 2023

•

2 pages

Protein Synthesis Steps for Kids: Transcription and Translation Fun

savage :::::

@savage_dfsq

Protein synthesis is a complex biological process involving transcription and translation, crucial for creating proteins from genetic information. This process occurs in two main stages: transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm. It involves various molecules such as... Show more

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

The Genetic Code and Gene Structure

This page delves into the characteristics of the genetic code and the nature of genes, providing essential information for understanding protein synthesis.

The genetic code has several important features:

It includes one 3-base start codon and three different 3-base stop codons.
Different codons code for different amino acids.
It is non-overlapping, meaning each codon contains only 3 bases.
It is degenerate, as most amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.

Example: The amino acid proline is coded by four different codons: CCC, CCU, CCA, and CCG.

Vocabulary: Codon - A sequence of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid or signals the start or stop of protein synthesis.

Genes are fundamental units of heredity and play a crucial role in protein synthesis:

A gene is a sequence of bases on one strand of a DNA molecule.
Each amino acid in a protein is coded by a sequence of three bases $codon$ , known as the triplet code.

Highlight: The triplet code is a key concept in understanding how genetic information is translated into proteins.

The diagram on this page illustrates the translation process, showing how mRNA codons are read by tRNA anticodons, leading to the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Definition: Anticodon - A sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon on an mRNA molecule.

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Transcription and Translation: The Two Stages of Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is a fundamental biological process that occurs in two main stages: transcription and translation. This page provides an overview of both stages and their key components.

Transcription is the first stage of protein synthesis, taking place in the nucleus. During this process:

DNA uncoils and hydrogen bonds are broken by DNA helicase.
One DNA strand, called the antisense strand, serves as a template for mRNA synthesis.
Free nucleotides line up on the template strand and are joined by RNA polymerase.
The resulting mRNA molecule moves out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.

Vocabulary: Antisense strand - The DNA strand used as a template for mRNA synthesis during transcription.

Translation is the second stage, occurring at ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This process involves:

mRNA attaching to ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum $RER$ .
tRNA molecules, each carrying a specific amino acid, binding to mRNA codons.
Amino acids joining together to form a polypeptide chain.
The process repeating until a stop codon is reached.

Highlight: Both mRNA and tRNA play crucial roles in translation, with tRNA acting as the "adaptor" molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome.

Definition: Polypeptide chain - A long, linear sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds, forming the primary structure of a protein.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

Stefan S

iOS user

Samantha Klich

Android user

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Basil

Android user

David K

iOS user

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

Rohan U

Android user

Xander S

iOS user

Elisha

iOS user

Paul T

iOS user

Stefan S

iOS user

Samantha Klich

Android user

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Basil

Android user

David K

iOS user

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

Rohan U

Android user

Xander S

iOS user

Elisha

iOS user

Paul T

iOS user

Protein Synthesis Steps for Kids: Transcription and Translation Fun

The Genetic Code and Gene Structure

Transcription and Translation: The Two Stages of Protein Synthesis

Similar content

As Level Biology 1.6 - Nucleic acids and their Functions

Virus reproduction

Higher Human Bio key area 1.2~ dna structure & replication

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

4.8/5

Protein Synthesis Steps for Kids: Transcription and Translation Fun

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

The Genetic Code and Gene Structure

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Transcription and Translation: The Two Stages of Protein Synthesis

Similar content

As Level Biology 1.6 - Nucleic acids and their Functions

Virus reproduction

Higher Human Bio key area 1.2~ dna structure & replication

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

4.8/5