Cell Structure Basics
You've probably wondered what makes plants and animals so different at a microscopic level. Plant cells and animal cells share many common structures, but plants have some special features that help them survive and make their own food.
Both cell types contain a nucleus (the control centre with DNA), cytoplasm (the jelly-like substance where chemical reactions happen), and mitochondria (the powerhouses that release energy). They also have ribosomes for making proteins and a cell membrane that controls what goes in and out.
Plant cells have three extra structures that animal cells don't: chloroplasts (containing green chlorophyll for photosynthesis), a cell wall (for extra strength and support), and a large vacuole (filled with sap to keep the cell firm and upright).
Quick Tip: Remember that plants need to make their own food and stay upright without bones, which explains why they have chloroplasts and cell walls!
