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Cell biology
Biological molecules
Organisation
Infection and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Homeostasis and response
Responding to change (a2 only)
The control of gene expression (a-level only)
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Inter-war germany
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
The cold war
World war two & the holocaust
World war one
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
The fight for female suffrage
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Britain: 1509 -1745
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30/10/2022
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MICROSCOPY microscopy let us magnity images. scant microscopes use light and lenses to form an image of a speumem and magnity it. lignt micro scopes have a limited resolution which means that you can't see nne details electron microscopes use electrons to form an image and have a greater muanincation and resolution which give a sharper and distinguished image. e.g internal structures of cells. magnification of light micro scope= magnificaron of eye piece lens x magnification of objective lens. Cell biology the centre of a microscope has a stage This 11 where we Place me microscope sude the stage has clips to noid me slide in place. Below the stage is a lamp. light from me lamp pusses up mrough the microscope slide. Above me stage is objective lenses Mey've different magnificanions of 4x, 10x or 40x. At the rup of the microscope is the eye prece This 15 where we luck mrough. The Piece conturi lenses with magnification of 10x. eyle -he final parts of microscope is course focus sing dial and fine Fucussing dids. MAUNIFICATION magnificanon : - 1000 um mm ×1000 image size real size ×1000 Nm nm +1000 BACTERIA CELLS (prokaryotic) cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall made of pepridualcan DNA - Moals in cytoplasm plasmids - small rings of DNA. ared of subeelivlar strucnives: rectangle Lengm x widm circle= TxY² all living things are made of cells. cells can either be prokarycric or eukaryonic. evicaryonic cells are complex and include ani mals and plant cells. ANIMAL AND...
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PLANTS in animals and plants. Leukanyon() nucleus- contains DNA coding for a pamonia protein needed to bulld new cells. enclosed in a nudear membrane, contruis me activities of cells. cyruplasm - gel-like substance in which chemi cal reactions occurv. contains enzumes (bio) logical catalyst - proteins mat speed up the rate of reactions). organelles are found in it. cell membrane conmull what enters and leaves the cell. mitochondria where aerobic respiranun occurs, providing energy for cell. ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs. found on a structure called the wugh endo plasmic rericulum. unly in plants. (Pakarycric) chicroplast - where photosunmesis takes place providing food for the plant. contains chiorophyll Plament which absorbs lignt for photosynmesis. Permanent vaccuse contains cell sup, round within me cyropiasm improves cell vigidity. ceir wall made from cellulose, proncies strenum rur me cell.