Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Lang.
History
Responding to change (a2 only)
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Cell biology
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
The control of gene expression (a2 only)
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
Inter-war germany
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
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5
0
Miles :)
29/09/2025
Biology
Biology P1 : cells
25
•
29 Sept 2025
•
Miles :)
@miles_
Plant cells are complex structures with specialized components that enable... Show more
Microscopes are essential tools in cell biology, using lenses to magnify cellular structures. Electron microscopes offer higher magnification and better resolution than light microscopes, allowing scientists to observe more detailed cellular components.
Definition: Therapeutic cell cloning involves producing cells with the same DNA as a patient for medical treatment purposes.
Stem cells play a crucial role in therapeutic cloning and differentiation. These unspecialized cells can develop into various cell types and are found in embryos and bone marrow. Stem cells are valuable for treating conditions like diabetes and paralysis due to their ability to differentiate into specialized cells.
Highlight: Stem cells are useful in medical research and treatment because they can differentiate into various specialized cell types.
Specialized cells have specific structures adapted to their functions. Examples in plants include root hair cells, xylem, and phloem, while animal examples include sperm, nerve, and muscle cells.
Vocabulary: Cell differentiation is the process by which a cell develops into a specialized cell type.
Cell transport mechanisms are crucial for maintaining cellular function. The three main types are:
Example: Oxygen and glucose enter cells through diffusion, while carbon dioxide exits cells through the same process.
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion include concentration gradient, temperature, and surface area.
Mitosis is the process of cell division for growth and repair, creating two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell. The cell cycle encompasses the life of a cell, including its growth, function, and DNA replication in preparation for mitosis.
Definition: Chromosomes are structures in the nucleus made up of DNA, typically found in pairs.
Genes are small sections of DNA within chromosomes that code for protein production. Ribosomes use this genetic information to synthesize proteins by joining amino acids together.
Active transport is crucial for moving molecules against the concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP. This process is essential in both plant and animal cells for various functions.
Example: In plants, active transport allows mineral ions to be absorbed into root hair cells for healthy growth. In animals, it enables glucose absorption into the bloodstream when diffusion is insufficient.
The surface area to volume ratio is a critical factor in cellular efficiency. A larger surface area compared to volume allows for faster rates of diffusion and more efficient exchange of materials.
Highlight: Efficient exchange surfaces in organisms include the small intestine and lungs in mammals, gills in fish, and roots and leaves in plants.
Osmosis, a specific type of diffusion, involves the movement of water molecules from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution across a semi-permeable membrane. This process is vital for maintaining water balance in cells.
Vocabulary: The concentration gradient refers to the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas, driving the direction of diffusion.
Understanding these cellular processes and structures is fundamental to comprehending the complex world of plant cell structure and function in biology, as well as the broader field of cell biology.
Plant cells have several specialized structures that distinguish them from animal cells. The cell wall, made of cellulose, provides strength and support. A large central vacuole stores water and solutes, helping maintain cell shape. Chloroplasts are crucial for photosynthesis, absorbing light energy to produce glucose.
Highlight: Plant cells contain unique structures like cell walls, large vacuoles, and chloroplasts that are not found in animal cells.
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells differ significantly in their structure and complexity. Eukaryotic cells, found in plants and animals, have a nucleus containing DNA and various organelles. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are simpler with DNA floating freely in the cytoplasm.
Vocabulary: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack these features.
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, while mitochondria carry out aerobic respiration to release energy. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Example: Plant cells, animal cells, and yeast are examples of eukaryotic cells, while bacterial cells are prokaryotic.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Miles :)
@miles_
Plant cells are complex structures with specialized components that enable vital biological functions. This summary explores key aspects of plant cell structure and function in biology, including organelles, cell transport mechanisms, and cell division. It also examines differences between... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Microscopes are essential tools in cell biology, using lenses to magnify cellular structures. Electron microscopes offer higher magnification and better resolution than light microscopes, allowing scientists to observe more detailed cellular components.
Definition: Therapeutic cell cloning involves producing cells with the same DNA as a patient for medical treatment purposes.
Stem cells play a crucial role in therapeutic cloning and differentiation. These unspecialized cells can develop into various cell types and are found in embryos and bone marrow. Stem cells are valuable for treating conditions like diabetes and paralysis due to their ability to differentiate into specialized cells.
Highlight: Stem cells are useful in medical research and treatment because they can differentiate into various specialized cell types.
Specialized cells have specific structures adapted to their functions. Examples in plants include root hair cells, xylem, and phloem, while animal examples include sperm, nerve, and muscle cells.
Vocabulary: Cell differentiation is the process by which a cell develops into a specialized cell type.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Cell transport mechanisms are crucial for maintaining cellular function. The three main types are:
Example: Oxygen and glucose enter cells through diffusion, while carbon dioxide exits cells through the same process.
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion include concentration gradient, temperature, and surface area.
Mitosis is the process of cell division for growth and repair, creating two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell. The cell cycle encompasses the life of a cell, including its growth, function, and DNA replication in preparation for mitosis.
Definition: Chromosomes are structures in the nucleus made up of DNA, typically found in pairs.
Genes are small sections of DNA within chromosomes that code for protein production. Ribosomes use this genetic information to synthesize proteins by joining amino acids together.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Active transport is crucial for moving molecules against the concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP. This process is essential in both plant and animal cells for various functions.
Example: In plants, active transport allows mineral ions to be absorbed into root hair cells for healthy growth. In animals, it enables glucose absorption into the bloodstream when diffusion is insufficient.
The surface area to volume ratio is a critical factor in cellular efficiency. A larger surface area compared to volume allows for faster rates of diffusion and more efficient exchange of materials.
Highlight: Efficient exchange surfaces in organisms include the small intestine and lungs in mammals, gills in fish, and roots and leaves in plants.
Osmosis, a specific type of diffusion, involves the movement of water molecules from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution across a semi-permeable membrane. This process is vital for maintaining water balance in cells.
Vocabulary: The concentration gradient refers to the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas, driving the direction of diffusion.
Understanding these cellular processes and structures is fundamental to comprehending the complex world of plant cell structure and function in biology, as well as the broader field of cell biology.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Plant cells have several specialized structures that distinguish them from animal cells. The cell wall, made of cellulose, provides strength and support. A large central vacuole stores water and solutes, helping maintain cell shape. Chloroplasts are crucial for photosynthesis, absorbing light energy to produce glucose.
Highlight: Plant cells contain unique structures like cell walls, large vacuoles, and chloroplasts that are not found in animal cells.
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells differ significantly in their structure and complexity. Eukaryotic cells, found in plants and animals, have a nucleus containing DNA and various organelles. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are simpler with DNA floating freely in the cytoplasm.
Vocabulary: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack these features.
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, while mitochondria carry out aerobic respiration to release energy. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Example: Plant cells, animal cells, and yeast are examples of eukaryotic cells, while bacterial cells are prokaryotic.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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diffusion +osmosis, plant cell+animal cell, microscopy, transport in cells,
BiologyExplore the fundamental concepts of cell biology, including cell structure, function, and specialization. This summary covers key topics such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, specialized animal and plant cells, binary fission, and microscopy techniques. Ideal for students preparing for exams or seeking a comprehensive overview of cellular processes.
BiologyExplore the key concepts of specialised cells, including nerve, muscle, and plant cells, their structures, and functions. Understand the processes of mitosis, cell division, and the role of stem cells in growth and regeneration. This summary covers essential topics for GCSE AQA Biology Paper 1, including the circulatory system, blood components, and plant transport systems.
BiologyExplore the mechanisms of transport across cell membranes, including active transport, passive transport, diffusion, and osmosis. This summary covers key concepts such as selective permeability and provides examples of substances involved in these processes. Ideal for students studying cell biology.
BiologyExplore key concepts in GCSE Edexcel Biology, including the structure and function of plant and animal cells, specialized cells for digestion and reproduction, enzyme action and nutrition, and methods for testing food substances. This summary covers essential topics such as microscopy, cellular transport, and the role of enzymes in biological processes.
BiologyExplore the key processes of osmosis, diffusion, and active transport in cellular biology. Understand how water and solutes move across cell membranes, the factors influencing these processes, and their significance in maintaining cellular health. This summary covers essential concepts, including concentration gradients, membrane permeability, and the role of transport proteins.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
