• Cells can be prokaryotic (simpler, without a nucleus) or eukaryotic (more complex, with a true nucleus and organelles)
• Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria, while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
• Both types of cells have a cell membrane and ribosomes, but eukaryotic cells also have mitochondria for energy production and may contain chloroplasts in plant cells
• Animal cells have a cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, while plant cells also have chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a permanent vacuole
• Specialized cells like nerve, muscle, and root hair cells have unique structures and functions, allowing them to carry out specific tasks within the body

For more detailed study notes on cell biology, including information on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, animal and plant cell structures, and specialized cells in both animals and plants, you can download the free PDF here. Happy studying!