Maths
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English Language
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Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
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Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
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7 Dec 2025
•
Rida Sheikh
@idaheikh_l149o53kcn0
Biology practicals are hands-on experiments that help you understand how... Show more
Microscopy is all about getting a clear view of tiny specimens like onion cells. Cut your specimen thin, add a drop of iodine stain, and carefully lower the coverslip to avoid air bubbles. Always start with the lowest magnification and work your way up whilst adjusting the focus knobs.
Food tests reveal what nutrients are hiding in your samples. You'll need to grind your food with distilled water, filter it, then test for different molecules. Benedict's solution turns green-yellow-red for reducing sugars, iodine goes blue-black for starch, Biuret reagent turns purple for proteins, and Sudan III creates a red layer for lipids.
Safety is crucial - wear goggles for all chemical tests and handle ethanol carefully since it's highly flammable. The emulsion test using ethanol will show a cloudy mixture if lipids are present.
Top Tip: Remember the colour changes - they're often the key to exam success!
Culturing bacteria requires sterile technique to prevent contamination. Sterilise your inoculation loop until red-hot, flame the flask neck, and keep the Petri dish lid barely open. Use zig-zag streaks to spread bacteria and add antiseptic discs to test their effectiveness.
Store your plates upside down at maximum 25°C to prevent dangerous bacteria growing. After 48 hours, measure the zone of inhibition around each disc - larger clear areas mean stronger antiseptics.
Osmosis experiments use potato cylinders in different sugar concentrations. Cut identical cylinders, measure their mass and length precisely, then leave them overnight in solutions. Calculate percentage changes to see how water moves in and out of cells.
Plot graphs showing mass change against sugar concentration to visualise osmosis in action. Higher sugar concentrations will draw water out, making potatoes lighter and shorter.
Remember: Sterile technique prevents contamination - flame everything that touches your culture!
Photosynthesis can be measured by counting oxygen bubbles from pondweed. Place your setup 10cm from an LED light source and add sodium hydrogen carbonate for extra carbon dioxide. Count bubbles for one minute, repeat three times, then test different distances.
Use the inverse square law to calculate light intensity and plot it against photosynthesis rate. Closer light sources provide more energy for faster photosynthesis, producing more oxygen bubbles per minute.
Enzyme activity tests show how pH affects amylase breaking down starch. Mix amylase with buffer solution and starch, then test drops every 10 seconds with iodine solution. When iodine stays orange-brown instead of turning blue-black, all the starch has been digested.
The quicker this colour change happens, the better the enzyme works at that pH. Test different pH values to find the optimum conditions where amylase works fastest.
Key Point: Enzymes work best at specific pH levels - find the sweet spot where starch breaks down quickest!
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Rida Sheikh
@idaheikh_l149o53kcn0
Biology practicals are hands-on experiments that help you understand how living things work. These essential lab skills will test your knowledge of microscopy, food chemistry, microorganisms, and key biological processes like osmosis, photosynthesis, and enzyme activity.
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Microscopy is all about getting a clear view of tiny specimens like onion cells. Cut your specimen thin, add a drop of iodine stain, and carefully lower the coverslip to avoid air bubbles. Always start with the lowest magnification and work your way up whilst adjusting the focus knobs.
Food tests reveal what nutrients are hiding in your samples. You'll need to grind your food with distilled water, filter it, then test for different molecules. Benedict's solution turns green-yellow-red for reducing sugars, iodine goes blue-black for starch, Biuret reagent turns purple for proteins, and Sudan III creates a red layer for lipids.
Safety is crucial - wear goggles for all chemical tests and handle ethanol carefully since it's highly flammable. The emulsion test using ethanol will show a cloudy mixture if lipids are present.
Top Tip: Remember the colour changes - they're often the key to exam success!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Culturing bacteria requires sterile technique to prevent contamination. Sterilise your inoculation loop until red-hot, flame the flask neck, and keep the Petri dish lid barely open. Use zig-zag streaks to spread bacteria and add antiseptic discs to test their effectiveness.
Store your plates upside down at maximum 25°C to prevent dangerous bacteria growing. After 48 hours, measure the zone of inhibition around each disc - larger clear areas mean stronger antiseptics.
Osmosis experiments use potato cylinders in different sugar concentrations. Cut identical cylinders, measure their mass and length precisely, then leave them overnight in solutions. Calculate percentage changes to see how water moves in and out of cells.
Plot graphs showing mass change against sugar concentration to visualise osmosis in action. Higher sugar concentrations will draw water out, making potatoes lighter and shorter.
Remember: Sterile technique prevents contamination - flame everything that touches your culture!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Photosynthesis can be measured by counting oxygen bubbles from pondweed. Place your setup 10cm from an LED light source and add sodium hydrogen carbonate for extra carbon dioxide. Count bubbles for one minute, repeat three times, then test different distances.
Use the inverse square law to calculate light intensity and plot it against photosynthesis rate. Closer light sources provide more energy for faster photosynthesis, producing more oxygen bubbles per minute.
Enzyme activity tests show how pH affects amylase breaking down starch. Mix amylase with buffer solution and starch, then test drops every 10 seconds with iodine solution. When iodine stays orange-brown instead of turning blue-black, all the starch has been digested.
The quicker this colour change happens, the better the enzyme works at that pH. Test different pH values to find the optimum conditions where amylase works fastest.
Key Point: Enzymes work best at specific pH levels - find the sweet spot where starch breaks down quickest!
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Explore the impact of pH on amylase activity in this practical investigation. This study includes a detailed method, control and independent variables, and results analysis. Understand how to identify the optimum pH for starch digestion and the role of iodine as a chemical reagent. Ideal for biology students studying enzymes and digestion.
BiologyExplore the core practical on amylase's effectiveness in starch digestion across varying pH levels. This resource includes a detailed hypothesis, equipment list, method, results, and conclusion, along with a visual representation of reaction rates. Ideal for GCSE Biology students studying enzymes and digestion.
BiologyExplore key concepts in AQA Biology, including communicable and non-communicable diseases, heart structure, plant and animal cell functions, and the role of enzymes. This comprehensive summary covers essential topics for Paper 1 & 2, providing a clear understanding of health, disease, and cellular processes. Ideal for exam preparation and revision.
BiologyExplore key laboratory techniques for testing proteins, sugars, and starch in food samples. This summary covers the Biuret test for proteins, Benedict's test for reducing sugars, and iodine test for starch, providing step-by-step procedures and expected results. Ideal for students studying biological macromolecules and chemical analysis.
BiologyExplore the key concepts of diet and nutrition, including nutrient groups (carbohydrates, proteins, fats), essential vitamins (A, C, D) and minerals (iron, calcium), food tests, and energy content analysis. This summary provides insights into dietary needs based on age, gender, and activity level, essential for understanding human nutrition. Ideal for exam preparation.
BiologyExplore key food tests for identifying glucose, starch, proteins, and lipids in this concise summary. Learn the procedures and expected results for Benedict's, Iodine, Biuret, and Sudan III tests. Ideal for biology students studying digestion and nutrient identification.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Physics
Sociology