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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
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1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
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2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
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2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
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Religious Studies
6 Oct 2025
29
2 pages
Aleksandra Golowska @hola_soy_ola
The doctrine of double effect ethicsexplores the complex relationship between intended actions and their unintended consequences in... Show more
Page 2 Important Clarifications and Limitations
The second page emphasizes the integrity and proper application of the Doctrine of Double Effect. It specifically addresses potential misunderstandings and misuse of the doctrine.
Highlight The doctrine is not meant to be used as a loophole or workaround for moral precepts.
Definition The effectiveness and moral validity of the Doctrine of Double Effect relies entirely on the genuineness of intentions.
Quote "This is not a loop hole!" emphasizes the doctrine's requirement for authentic good intentions rather than attempted justification of wrongdoing.
Page 1 Understanding the Doctrine of Double Effect
The first page introduces the fundamental principles of the Doctrine of Double Effect and its practical applications in medical ethics. The doctrine establishes that while intentionally causing harm to achieve good is wrong, taking good actions despite foreseeable negative consequences can be morally acceptable when those consequences are unintended.
Definition The Doctrine of Double Effect is an ethical framework that evaluates actions based on intentions and outcomes, particularly when good actions have foreseeable negative consequences.
Example A pregnant woman undergoing chemotherapy treatment illustrates this principle - while the treatment may harm the fetus, the intention is to save the mother's life, not to cause harm to the fetus.
Highlight The Roman Catholic Church applies this doctrine to distinguish between euthanasia (intentionally causing death) and pain management that may hasten death as an unintended consequence.
Quote "The Pope said that to cause death in this way was a 'grave violation of the law of God'" - referring to intentional euthanasia.
Vocabulary Euthanasia - the practice of intentionally ending life to relieve suffering.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key concepts of Emotivism and its implications in moral philosophy. This summary delves into the arguments of MacIntyre and Stevenson, discussing the nature of moral statements, the role of emotions in ethics, and the critiques of relativism and prescriptivism. Ideal for students studying meta-ethical theories and normative ethics.
Religious StudiesExplore Plato's Allegory of the Cave through a detailed analysis of its key concepts, including the nature of reality, epistemology, and the philosopher's role in society. This presentation delves into the symbolism of the cave, shadows, and the journey to enlightenment, providing insights into Platonic philosophy and its implications for knowledge and governance.
Religious StudiesExplore the core principles of Kantian ethics, including the Hypothetical and Categorical Imperatives, and Kant's views on morality, duty, and the highest good. This summary covers key concepts such as deontological ethics, moral law, and the implications of treating individuals as ends in themselves. Ideal for students seeking a clear understanding of Kant's ethical framework.
Religious StudiesExplore the intersection of euthanasia, Kantian ethics, and business ethics in this comprehensive mindmap. Delve into key concepts such as the sanctity of life, situation ethics, and corporate social responsibility. Understand the moral implications of active euthanasia and the categorical imperative, alongside the contributions of Bentham and Kant to ethical theories. Ideal for students studying moral philosophy and ethics.
Religious StudiesExplore critical evaluations of Kantian ethics, focusing on its absolutist nature, the role of duty, and its applicability in moral decision-making. This summary addresses key concepts such as the categorical imperative, human dignity, and the challenges of conflicting duties. Ideal for students studying moral philosophy and deontological ethics.
Religious StudiesExplore a comprehensive A-level essay on utilitarianism, examining both act and rule utilitarianism, their strengths and weaknesses, and their implications for moral decision-making. This analysis includes critiques from philosophers like Bentham and Williams, and discusses the relevance of utilitarianism in contemporary ethical discussions. Ideal for students studying ethical theories and seeking to understand the complexities of utilitarian thought.
Religious StudiesApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Religious Studies
6 Oct 2025
29
2 pages
Aleksandra Golowska @hola_soy_ola
The doctrine of double effect ethicsexplores the complex relationship between intended actions and their unintended consequences in moral decision-making. This ethical framework, particularly significant in Catholic moral theology, helps... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Page 2 Important Clarifications and Limitations
The second page emphasizes the integrity and proper application of the Doctrine of Double Effect. It specifically addresses potential misunderstandings and misuse of the doctrine.
Highlight The doctrine is not meant to be used as a loophole or workaround for moral precepts.
Definition The effectiveness and moral validity of the Doctrine of Double Effect relies entirely on the genuineness of intentions.
Quote "This is not a loop hole!" emphasizes the doctrine's requirement for authentic good intentions rather than attempted justification of wrongdoing.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Page 1 Understanding the Doctrine of Double Effect
The first page introduces the fundamental principles of the Doctrine of Double Effect and its practical applications in medical ethics. The doctrine establishes that while intentionally causing harm to achieve good is wrong, taking good actions despite foreseeable negative consequences can be morally acceptable when those consequences are unintended.
Definition The Doctrine of Double Effect is an ethical framework that evaluates actions based on intentions and outcomes, particularly when good actions have foreseeable negative consequences.
Example A pregnant woman undergoing chemotherapy treatment illustrates this principle - while the treatment may harm the fetus, the intention is to save the mother's life, not to cause harm to the fetus.
Highlight The Roman Catholic Church applies this doctrine to distinguish between euthanasia (intentionally causing death) and pain management that may hasten death as an unintended consequence.
Quote "The Pope said that to cause death in this way was a 'grave violation of the law of God'" - referring to intentional euthanasia.
Vocabulary Euthanasia - the practice of intentionally ending life to relieve suffering.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key concepts of Emotivism and its implications in moral philosophy. This summary delves into the arguments of MacIntyre and Stevenson, discussing the nature of moral statements, the role of emotions in ethics, and the critiques of relativism and prescriptivism. Ideal for students studying meta-ethical theories and normative ethics.
Religious StudiesExplore Plato's Allegory of the Cave through a detailed analysis of its key concepts, including the nature of reality, epistemology, and the philosopher's role in society. This presentation delves into the symbolism of the cave, shadows, and the journey to enlightenment, providing insights into Platonic philosophy and its implications for knowledge and governance.
Religious StudiesExplore the core principles of Kantian ethics, including the Hypothetical and Categorical Imperatives, and Kant's views on morality, duty, and the highest good. This summary covers key concepts such as deontological ethics, moral law, and the implications of treating individuals as ends in themselves. Ideal for students seeking a clear understanding of Kant's ethical framework.
Religious StudiesExplore the intersection of euthanasia, Kantian ethics, and business ethics in this comprehensive mindmap. Delve into key concepts such as the sanctity of life, situation ethics, and corporate social responsibility. Understand the moral implications of active euthanasia and the categorical imperative, alongside the contributions of Bentham and Kant to ethical theories. Ideal for students studying moral philosophy and ethics.
Religious StudiesExplore critical evaluations of Kantian ethics, focusing on its absolutist nature, the role of duty, and its applicability in moral decision-making. This summary addresses key concepts such as the categorical imperative, human dignity, and the challenges of conflicting duties. Ideal for students studying moral philosophy and deontological ethics.
Religious StudiesExplore a comprehensive A-level essay on utilitarianism, examining both act and rule utilitarianism, their strengths and weaknesses, and their implications for moral decision-making. This analysis includes critiques from philosophers like Bentham and Williams, and discusses the relevance of utilitarianism in contemporary ethical discussions. Ideal for students studying ethical theories and seeking to understand the complexities of utilitarian thought.
Religious StudiesApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
