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19
0
Year 9 - End of Year - Biology
545
•
9 Jul 2025
•
Tanishtha Malik
@tanishthamalik_ttxk
The transcript covers key biological concepts including muscle types, breathing... Show more
This section delves into the structure of the heart and introduces key genetic terminology essential for understanding inheritance and trait expression.
The heart consists of four chambers: two ventricles and two atria. Ventricles are the lower chambers responsible for pumping blood into arteries. The left ventricle has a thicker wall to generate higher pressure for systemic circulation.
Definition: Atria are the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins. They have thinner walls compared to ventricles, creating lower pressure to push blood into the adjacent ventricles.
Genetic concepts are fundamental to understanding inheritance and trait expression. Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific characteristics, providing instructions for protein production.
Highlight: The role of alleles in gene expression is crucial. Alleles are different versions of a gene that can result in varying characteristics or phenotypes.
Example: A gene might code for petal color in plants, with different alleles resulting in red or pink petals.
Genotype refers to the combination of alleles within an organism's nucleus, while phenotype is the observable characteristic determined by the genotype.
Vocabulary: Chromosomes are structures formed when DNA coils up, typically occurring during cell division processes like mitosis and meiosis.
This section covers plant reproduction processes and environmental factors affecting biodiversity.
Pollination is a crucial process in plant reproduction, involving the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. This can occur through various means such as wind, animals, or insects like bees.
Definition: The anther is part of the stamen, which is the male reproductive structure in flowers. Its design varies depending on the pollination method of the plant.
Example: Wind-pollinated flowers have anthers hanging outside the flower to increase pollen dispersal, while insect-pollinated flowers keep anthers within the flower for insect contact.
Pollen, produced by the anther, contains the male gamete. After landing on the stigma, it grows a tube down to the ovules where fertilization occurs.
Environmental factors significantly impact biodiversity. Alien species, non-native organisms introduced to new environments, can have detrimental effects on local ecosystems.
Highlight: Habitat destruction, often caused by human activities like land clearing for agriculture or infrastructure, poses a significant threat to biodiversity.
Pollution, the introduction of harmful substances into the environment, affects air, water, and land, endangering various organisms and ecosystems.
Vocabulary: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms within a given ecosystem, including the diversity of plants, animals, and microorganisms.
This section explores the fundamental concepts of muscles in the human body. Skeletal and smooth muscles comparison is a key focus, along with their roles in movement and bodily functions.
Muscles are protein-based tissues that enable movement around joints. They are connected to bones via tendons. The human body has three main types of muscles: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Skeletal muscles are primarily responsible for bone movement.
Definition: Antagonistic muscles are pairs of muscles found around a joint that allow bones to move in multiple directions. When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.
Example: The biceps and triceps around the elbow joint work antagonistically.
Muscle contraction is the process by which muscles shorten and thicken, causing movement around a joint. When muscles contract, they pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones near joints, resulting in movement.
Highlight: The human skeleton consists of 206 bones in adulthood, reduced from 270 at birth due to bone fusion.
The functions of intercostal muscles in breathing are crucial. These muscles are located between the ribs and work in pairs - internal and external intercostal muscles. They facilitate the breathing process by moving the ribcage during inhalation and exhalation.
Vocabulary: The diaphragm is a muscular structure located beneath the lungs. Its movement is integral to the breathing process.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Tanishtha Malik
@tanishthamalik_ttxk
The transcript covers key biological concepts including muscle types, breathing mechanisms, genetic inheritance, and environmental impacts on biodiversity. It explains the functions of different muscle groups, the process of breathing, genetic terminology, and threats to ecosystems. The content is aimed... Show more
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
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This section delves into the structure of the heart and introduces key genetic terminology essential for understanding inheritance and trait expression.
The heart consists of four chambers: two ventricles and two atria. Ventricles are the lower chambers responsible for pumping blood into arteries. The left ventricle has a thicker wall to generate higher pressure for systemic circulation.
Definition: Atria are the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins. They have thinner walls compared to ventricles, creating lower pressure to push blood into the adjacent ventricles.
Genetic concepts are fundamental to understanding inheritance and trait expression. Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific characteristics, providing instructions for protein production.
Highlight: The role of alleles in gene expression is crucial. Alleles are different versions of a gene that can result in varying characteristics or phenotypes.
Example: A gene might code for petal color in plants, with different alleles resulting in red or pink petals.
Genotype refers to the combination of alleles within an organism's nucleus, while phenotype is the observable characteristic determined by the genotype.
Vocabulary: Chromosomes are structures formed when DNA coils up, typically occurring during cell division processes like mitosis and meiosis.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This section covers plant reproduction processes and environmental factors affecting biodiversity.
Pollination is a crucial process in plant reproduction, involving the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. This can occur through various means such as wind, animals, or insects like bees.
Definition: The anther is part of the stamen, which is the male reproductive structure in flowers. Its design varies depending on the pollination method of the plant.
Example: Wind-pollinated flowers have anthers hanging outside the flower to increase pollen dispersal, while insect-pollinated flowers keep anthers within the flower for insect contact.
Pollen, produced by the anther, contains the male gamete. After landing on the stigma, it grows a tube down to the ovules where fertilization occurs.
Environmental factors significantly impact biodiversity. Alien species, non-native organisms introduced to new environments, can have detrimental effects on local ecosystems.
Highlight: Habitat destruction, often caused by human activities like land clearing for agriculture or infrastructure, poses a significant threat to biodiversity.
Pollution, the introduction of harmful substances into the environment, affects air, water, and land, endangering various organisms and ecosystems.
Vocabulary: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms within a given ecosystem, including the diversity of plants, animals, and microorganisms.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This section explores the fundamental concepts of muscles in the human body. Skeletal and smooth muscles comparison is a key focus, along with their roles in movement and bodily functions.
Muscles are protein-based tissues that enable movement around joints. They are connected to bones via tendons. The human body has three main types of muscles: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Skeletal muscles are primarily responsible for bone movement.
Definition: Antagonistic muscles are pairs of muscles found around a joint that allow bones to move in multiple directions. When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.
Example: The biceps and triceps around the elbow joint work antagonistically.
Muscle contraction is the process by which muscles shorten and thicken, causing movement around a joint. When muscles contract, they pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones near joints, resulting in movement.
Highlight: The human skeleton consists of 206 bones in adulthood, reduced from 270 at birth due to bone fusion.
The functions of intercostal muscles in breathing are crucial. These muscles are located between the ribs and work in pairs - internal and external intercostal muscles. They facilitate the breathing process by moving the ribcage during inhalation and exhalation.
Vocabulary: The diaphragm is a muscular structure located beneath the lungs. Its movement is integral to the breathing process.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
