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18 Apr 2023
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OCR A Level Biology Enzymes Mind Map PDF - Free & Fun for GCSE
L
Lena
@lena_fyta
Lock and Key Theory vs Induced Fit Theory
The page discusses two important models of enzyme-substrate interaction: the lock and key theory and the induced fit model.
Lock and Key Theory
The lock and key theory proposes that enzymes have specific active sites that only bind with substrates that fit precisely, similar to how a key fits into a lock.
Definition: The lock and key theory states that enzymes have specific active sites which will 'only' bind with substrates that fit these active sites.
Induced Fit Theory
The induced fit model suggests that enzyme active sites and substrates do not have precise complementary shapes initially. Instead, the enzyme's active site undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding.
Definition: The induced fit theory states that enzyme active sites and substrates do not have precise complementary shapes. This means more than one type of substrate could fit into the enzyme.
Highlight: The induced fit model involves a conformational shape change caused by bonding between enzyme R-Groups and the substrate.
Temperature Effects on Enzyme Activity
The page also explains how temperature affects enzyme-controlled reactions:
- At low temperatures, kinetic energy is low, resulting in fewer collisions and a lower reaction rate.
- At optimum temperature, the enzyme is most efficient, with the highest rate of reaction due to optimal kinetic energy and frequent collisions.
- At high temperatures, the enzyme's bonds break, causing denaturation and a decrease in reaction rate.
Example: The effect of temperature on enzyme activity is illustrated through three stages: low temperature , optimum temperature , and high temperature .
Activation Energy and Reaction Types
The page introduces the concept of activation energy and describes two types of enzyme-catalyzed reactions:
- Anabolic reactions: Two substrate molecules are joined together.
- Catabolic reactions: The substrate molecule is broken down.
Vocabulary: Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
Enzyme Structure and Bonding
The page details the various bonds that contribute to an enzyme's tertiary structure:
- Ionic bonding
- Disulfide bonds
- Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic interactions
- Hydrogen bonds
Highlight: The active site of an enzyme is determined by its tertiary structure, which involves the folding and coiling of amino acids.
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
The page discusses several factors that influence enzyme activity:
- pH Levels: Each enzyme has an optimum pH, with most human enzymes working best at pH 7.
- Substrate Concentration: As substrate concentration increases, the reaction rate increases until enzyme concentration becomes a limiting factor.
- Intracellular Enzymes: Enzymes can be found in various locations within cells, including the cytoplasm, bound to organelles, or within organelles.
Example: The effect of pH on enzyme activity is explained through three stages: low pH , optimum pH , and high pH .
This comprehensive overview provides a solid foundation for understanding enzyme function and the factors that influence their activity in biological systems.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
OCR A Level Biology Enzymes Mind Map PDF - Free & Fun for GCSE
L
Lena
@lena_fyta
Enzymes are crucial biological catalysts that play a vital role in various metabolic processes. This summary explores key concepts related to enzyme function, structure, and factors affecting their activity, including the lock and key theory, induced fit model,... Show more
Lock and Key Theory vs Induced Fit Theory
The page discusses two important models of enzyme-substrate interaction: the lock and key theory and the induced fit model.
Lock and Key Theory
The lock and key theory proposes that enzymes have specific active sites that only bind with substrates that fit precisely, similar to how a key fits into a lock.
Definition: The lock and key theory states that enzymes have specific active sites which will 'only' bind with substrates that fit these active sites.
Induced Fit Theory
The induced fit model suggests that enzyme active sites and substrates do not have precise complementary shapes initially. Instead, the enzyme's active site undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding.
Definition: The induced fit theory states that enzyme active sites and substrates do not have precise complementary shapes. This means more than one type of substrate could fit into the enzyme.
Highlight: The induced fit model involves a conformational shape change caused by bonding between enzyme R-Groups and the substrate.
Temperature Effects on Enzyme Activity
The page also explains how temperature affects enzyme-controlled reactions:
- At low temperatures, kinetic energy is low, resulting in fewer collisions and a lower reaction rate.
- At optimum temperature, the enzyme is most efficient, with the highest rate of reaction due to optimal kinetic energy and frequent collisions.
- At high temperatures, the enzyme's bonds break, causing denaturation and a decrease in reaction rate.
Example: The effect of temperature on enzyme activity is illustrated through three stages: low temperature , optimum temperature , and high temperature .
Activation Energy and Reaction Types
The page introduces the concept of activation energy and describes two types of enzyme-catalyzed reactions:
- Anabolic reactions: Two substrate molecules are joined together.
- Catabolic reactions: The substrate molecule is broken down.
Vocabulary: Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
Enzyme Structure and Bonding
The page details the various bonds that contribute to an enzyme's tertiary structure:
- Ionic bonding
- Disulfide bonds
- Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic interactions
- Hydrogen bonds
Highlight: The active site of an enzyme is determined by its tertiary structure, which involves the folding and coiling of amino acids.
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
The page discusses several factors that influence enzyme activity:
- pH Levels: Each enzyme has an optimum pH, with most human enzymes working best at pH 7.
- Substrate Concentration: As substrate concentration increases, the reaction rate increases until enzyme concentration becomes a limiting factor.
- Intracellular Enzymes: Enzymes can be found in various locations within cells, including the cytoplasm, bound to organelles, or within organelles.
Example: The effect of pH on enzyme activity is explained through three stages: low pH , optimum pH , and high pH .
This comprehensive overview provides a solid foundation for understanding enzyme function and the factors that influence their activity in biological systems.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user