Maths
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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
The cold war
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
Inter-war germany
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
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2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
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Show all topics
Biology
12 Oct 2025
59
7 pages
Emma Corden @emmacorden_rpll
A comprehensive guide to cardiovascular processes and carbohydrate chemistry, focusing on development of atherosclerosis stages, blood clot... Show more
This page concludes the blood clotting process, showing the final stages from fibrin formation to complete clot development.
Vocabulary Fibrin - A protein that forms threads to create a mesh-like structure in blood clots.
Highlight The process culminates in the formation of a tangled mesh that traps blood cells, resulting in a complete blood clot.
This section outlines the path of blood through the heart and details the four essential components needed for blood clotting.
Definition The clotting process requires four key elements platelets, clotting factors, fibrin, and other supporting cells.
Example Blood flows from the lungs through pulmonary veins to the left atrium, demonstrating the complexity of circulation.
This page bridges cardiovascular and biochemical concepts, introducing carbohydrate chemistry while concluding clotting mechanisms.
Highlight The clotting process involves platelets becoming activated and sticky, forming a plug over the opening.
Definition A condensation reaction in carbohydrate formation releases a water molecule as two molecules combine.
Detailed examination of monosaccharide structures and their chemical properties, particularly focusing on glucose.
Vocabulary Hydrolysis - The chemical breakdown of compounds through reaction with water.
Example Glucose structure is shown with its characteristic ring formation and hydroxyl group positions.
This page presents detailed molecular structures of galactose and fructose, along with an introduction to disaccharides.
Definition Glycosidic bonds are chemical bonds that join monosaccharides together to form more complex carbohydrates.
Highlight The molecular structures show the specific arrangement of hydroxyl groups and carbon atoms in different monosaccharides.
The final page focuses on the formation of disaccharides through glycosidic bonding.
Vocabulary Glycosidic bond - The chemical bond that joins monosaccharides together in disaccharides and larger carbohydrates.
Example The formation of disaccharides demonstrates how simple sugars combine to create more complex carbohydrates.
The first page details the progressive stages of atherosclerosis development and initial blood clot formation. The process begins with artery wall damage and proceeds through inflammatory responses to plaque formation.
Definition Atherosclerosis is a condition where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to plaque buildup.
Highlight The process involves 19 distinct stages, beginning with artery wall damage and culminating in thrombin and fibrinogen formation.
Example The inflammatory response triggers white blood cells to enter the artery wall, leading to cholesterol accumulation and eventual plaque formation.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
simplified notes for quick recall
BiologyExplore comprehensive revision notes on biological molecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Understand key concepts such as enzyme-substrate complexes, DNA replication, and the properties of ATP. Ideal for AS/A Level Biology students preparing for exams.
BiologyComprehensive A-Level Biology notes covering essential biological molecules including carbohydrates (starch, glycogen, cellulose), proteins (amino acids, structure), lipids, and enzymes. Understand monomers, polymers, and the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions. Ideal for exam preparation and revision.
BiologyExplore the fundamental concepts of biochemistry, including the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water properties. This summary covers key topics such as macronutrients, biological macromolecules, and the role of inorganic ions in biological systems. Ideal for WJEC AS students preparing for exams.
BiologyExplore essential concepts of biological molecules including carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. This summary covers key topics such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, glycosidic bonds, amino acids, and protein structures, tailored for OCR A-Level Biology students. Ideal for quick revision and understanding of macromolecules and their functions.
BiologyExplore the essential concepts of biological molecules, including the roles of water, monomers, and polymers. This summary covers carbohydrates, their types (monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides), and key processes like condensation and hydrolysis. Ideal for biology students seeking to grasp the fundamentals of biomolecules and their significance in metabolic reactions.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Biology
12 Oct 2025
59
7 pages
Emma Corden @emmacorden_rpll
A comprehensive guide to cardiovascular processes and carbohydrate chemistry, focusing on development of atherosclerosis stages, blood clot formation process, and carbohydrate condensation reaction explained.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page concludes the blood clotting process, showing the final stages from fibrin formation to complete clot development.
Vocabulary Fibrin - A protein that forms threads to create a mesh-like structure in blood clots.
Highlight The process culminates in the formation of a tangled mesh that traps blood cells, resulting in a complete blood clot.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This section outlines the path of blood through the heart and details the four essential components needed for blood clotting.
Definition The clotting process requires four key elements platelets, clotting factors, fibrin, and other supporting cells.
Example Blood flows from the lungs through pulmonary veins to the left atrium, demonstrating the complexity of circulation.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page bridges cardiovascular and biochemical concepts, introducing carbohydrate chemistry while concluding clotting mechanisms.
Highlight The clotting process involves platelets becoming activated and sticky, forming a plug over the opening.
Definition A condensation reaction in carbohydrate formation releases a water molecule as two molecules combine.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Detailed examination of monosaccharide structures and their chemical properties, particularly focusing on glucose.
Vocabulary Hydrolysis - The chemical breakdown of compounds through reaction with water.
Example Glucose structure is shown with its characteristic ring formation and hydroxyl group positions.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page presents detailed molecular structures of galactose and fructose, along with an introduction to disaccharides.
Definition Glycosidic bonds are chemical bonds that join monosaccharides together to form more complex carbohydrates.
Highlight The molecular structures show the specific arrangement of hydroxyl groups and carbon atoms in different monosaccharides.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The final page focuses on the formation of disaccharides through glycosidic bonding.
Vocabulary Glycosidic bond - The chemical bond that joins monosaccharides together in disaccharides and larger carbohydrates.
Example The formation of disaccharides demonstrates how simple sugars combine to create more complex carbohydrates.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The first page details the progressive stages of atherosclerosis development and initial blood clot formation. The process begins with artery wall damage and proceeds through inflammatory responses to plaque formation.
Definition Atherosclerosis is a condition where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to plaque buildup.
Highlight The process involves 19 distinct stages, beginning with artery wall damage and culminating in thrombin and fibrinogen formation.
Example The inflammatory response triggers white blood cells to enter the artery wall, leading to cholesterol accumulation and eventual plaque formation.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
simplified notes for quick recall
BiologyExplore comprehensive revision notes on biological molecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Understand key concepts such as enzyme-substrate complexes, DNA replication, and the properties of ATP. Ideal for AS/A Level Biology students preparing for exams.
BiologyComprehensive A-Level Biology notes covering essential biological molecules including carbohydrates (starch, glycogen, cellulose), proteins (amino acids, structure), lipids, and enzymes. Understand monomers, polymers, and the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions. Ideal for exam preparation and revision.
BiologyExplore the fundamental concepts of biochemistry, including the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water properties. This summary covers key topics such as macronutrients, biological macromolecules, and the role of inorganic ions in biological systems. Ideal for WJEC AS students preparing for exams.
BiologyExplore essential concepts of biological molecules including carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. This summary covers key topics such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, glycosidic bonds, amino acids, and protein structures, tailored for OCR A-Level Biology students. Ideal for quick revision and understanding of macromolecules and their functions.
BiologyExplore the essential concepts of biological molecules, including the roles of water, monomers, and polymers. This summary covers carbohydrates, their types (monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides), and key processes like condensation and hydrolysis. Ideal for biology students seeking to grasp the fundamentals of biomolecules and their significance in metabolic reactions.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
