Group 1 alkali metals and Group 7 halogens exhibit distinct... Show more
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8 Mar 2023
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Discover the Physical and Chemical Properties of Group 1 Alkali Metals and Group 7 Halogens
K
kkm_
@kkm_
Alkali Metal Reactions with Water
The observations of alkali metals reactions with water become more vigorous down Group 1:
- Lithium: Floats with some fizzing, produces alkaline solution
- Sodium: Floats, melts, and moves vigorously across surface
- Potassium: Floats, splits, explodes with lilac flame
- Rubidium: Sinks, sparks vigorously, produces flame
- Caesium: Very explosive, breaks container, produces flame
Example: Rubidium + water → rubidium hydroxide + hydrogen 2Rb + 2H₂O → 2RbOH + H₂
Alkali metals also react with oxygen in air to form metal oxides:
4M + O₂ → 2M₂O
Definition: Oxidation reaction - A reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen
Group 7 Halogens
The properties of Group 7 elements include:
- Non-metallic properties: brittle, dull solids, poor conductors
- Diatomic molecules with weak intermolecular forces
- Seven electrons in outermost shell
- Form covalent bonds and 1- ions in reactions
Trends and properties in Group 7 halogens down the periodic table:
- Colors become darker
- Reactivity and bleaching effect decrease
- Density increases
- Melting and boiling points increase
Vocabulary: Diatomic - Consisting of two atoms
Example: The diatomic halogens are F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, and I₂
Halogen Properties and Reactivity
The physical properties of Group 7 elements vary:
- Fluorine and chlorine: Gases at room temperature
- Bromine: Liquid at room temperature
- Iodine and astatine: Solids at room temperature
Chemical properties of Group 7:
- React with metals to form ionic metal halides
- React with non-metals to form covalent compounds
- React with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides
Highlight: Fluorine is the most reactive halogen due to its small size and strong electron-attracting ability.
The trend in reactivity of Group 7 decreases down the group as it becomes harder for larger atoms to gain electrons.
Example: Chlorine can displace bromine from potassium bromide solution, demonstrating its higher reactivity.
Halogen Displacement Reactions
Halogen displacement reactions occur when a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution. This demonstrates the trend in reactivity down Group 7.
For example:
- Chlorine can displace bromine from potassium bromide
- Chlorine can displace iodine from potassium iodide
- Bromine can displace iodine from potassium iodide
Definition: Displacement reaction - A reaction where a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound
These reactions provide evidence for the decreasing reactivity trend in Group 7 elements.
Group 1 Alkali Metals
The physical properties of alkali metals in Group 1 include being soft, low density, and having relatively low melting and boiling points. They are shiny when freshly cut and good conductors of electricity and heat.
Key chemical properties of Group 1 alkali metals:
- Form alkaline solutions when reacting with water
- Have one electron in outermost shell
- Increase in reactivity down the group
- Form 1+ ions when reacting
- Number of electron shells increases down group
Example: The general equation for alkali metals reacting with water is: 2M + 2H₂O → 2MOH + H₂
Highlight: Alkali metals must be stored in oil to prevent reaction with oxygen and water vapor in air.
Vocabulary: Alkalinity - The property of being alkaline or basic
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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
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In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
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very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
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I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
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THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
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This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Discover the Physical and Chemical Properties of Group 1 Alkali Metals and Group 7 Halogens
K
kkm_
@kkm_
Group 1 alkali metals and Group 7 halogens exhibit distinct trends in their physical and chemical properties across the periodic table. Key points include:
- Alkali metals increase in reactivity down Group 1 due to weaker attraction between outer electrons and... Show more
Alkali Metal Reactions with Water
The observations of alkali metals reactions with water become more vigorous down Group 1:
- Lithium: Floats with some fizzing, produces alkaline solution
- Sodium: Floats, melts, and moves vigorously across surface
- Potassium: Floats, splits, explodes with lilac flame
- Rubidium: Sinks, sparks vigorously, produces flame
- Caesium: Very explosive, breaks container, produces flame
Example: Rubidium + water → rubidium hydroxide + hydrogen 2Rb + 2H₂O → 2RbOH + H₂
Alkali metals also react with oxygen in air to form metal oxides:
4M + O₂ → 2M₂O
Definition: Oxidation reaction - A reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen
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Group 7 Halogens
The properties of Group 7 elements include:
- Non-metallic properties: brittle, dull solids, poor conductors
- Diatomic molecules with weak intermolecular forces
- Seven electrons in outermost shell
- Form covalent bonds and 1- ions in reactions
Trends and properties in Group 7 halogens down the periodic table:
- Colors become darker
- Reactivity and bleaching effect decrease
- Density increases
- Melting and boiling points increase
Vocabulary: Diatomic - Consisting of two atoms
Example: The diatomic halogens are F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, and I₂
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Halogen Properties and Reactivity
The physical properties of Group 7 elements vary:
- Fluorine and chlorine: Gases at room temperature
- Bromine: Liquid at room temperature
- Iodine and astatine: Solids at room temperature
Chemical properties of Group 7:
- React with metals to form ionic metal halides
- React with non-metals to form covalent compounds
- React with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides
Highlight: Fluorine is the most reactive halogen due to its small size and strong electron-attracting ability.
The trend in reactivity of Group 7 decreases down the group as it becomes harder for larger atoms to gain electrons.
Example: Chlorine can displace bromine from potassium bromide solution, demonstrating its higher reactivity.
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Halogen Displacement Reactions
Halogen displacement reactions occur when a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution. This demonstrates the trend in reactivity down Group 7.
For example:
- Chlorine can displace bromine from potassium bromide
- Chlorine can displace iodine from potassium iodide
- Bromine can displace iodine from potassium iodide
Definition: Displacement reaction - A reaction where a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound
These reactions provide evidence for the decreasing reactivity trend in Group 7 elements.
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Group 1 Alkali Metals
The physical properties of alkali metals in Group 1 include being soft, low density, and having relatively low melting and boiling points. They are shiny when freshly cut and good conductors of electricity and heat.
Key chemical properties of Group 1 alkali metals:
- Form alkaline solutions when reacting with water
- Have one electron in outermost shell
- Increase in reactivity down the group
- Form 1+ ions when reacting
- Number of electron shells increases down group
Example: The general equation for alkali metals reacting with water is: 2M + 2H₂O → 2MOH + H₂
Highlight: Alkali metals must be stored in oil to prevent reaction with oxygen and water vapor in air.
Vocabulary: Alkalinity - The property of being alkaline or basic
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user