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The reactivity of metals
02/05/2023
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REACTIVITY OF METALS PLEASE SIR LARRY CAN му AUNTIE CARA ZARA IRON THE LONG HEAVY COAT my SOCKETS GONE PLEASE ناح POTASSIUM SODIUM LITHIUM CALCIUM O POTASSIUM + WATER 2K MAGNESIUM Aluminium (CARBON) REACTIONS WITH WATER • Potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium all react with water to produce a solution of the metal hydroxide and hydrogen 4 CALCIUM + Ca + ZINC IRON IRON TIN LEAD (HYDROGEN) COPPER MERCURY SILVER GOLD PLATINUM 22 SODIUM + WATER 2Na 2H₂0 mineral wool soaked in water + 2H₂O - 3 LITHIUM + WATER 2H₂0 + mineral wool soaked in water Zinc + Steam Iron + Steam WATER 2H20 MAGNESIUM + STEAM: Magnesium + Steam wwww ↑ NOTE: A oxide which decreases has a layer on made its reactivity because it prevents other substances coming into contact with the aluminium. NOTE: they all react more vigorovaly with hot acids POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGEN 2KOH + H₂ • Magnesium reacts very slowly with cold water but will burn in steam to produce the metal oxide and hydrogen: heat SODIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGEN 2NaOH H₂₂ LITHIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGEN 2LIOH + H₂ CALCIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGEN Ca (OH)₂ + H₂ magnesium ribbon powdered metal or metal granules magnesium oxide ngoi + Mg(s) + H₂O (9) -> MAGNESIUM + COLD WATER: Magnesium + water → magnesium hydroxide + hydrogen. Mg(s) + 2H₂0 (1) Mg(OH)₂ H₂ • Zinc and Iron will also react with steam hydrogen H₂(9) SAFETY: burning the H₂ that is produced to avoid a build up of H₂ (which is very flammable) zinc oxide triiron tetroxide + + hydrogen -hydrogen collects INCREASING REACTIVITY -cold water hydrogen REACTS MORE VIGOROUSLY PREVENTING RUST BARRIER METHODS: Iron is coated with a barrier to prevent Iron coming into contact with water or oxygen (could be paint, plastic, oil or grease) GALVANISING: Iron is coated with a layer of a more reactive metal, usually 2inc that acts as a...
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Alternative transcript:
barrier from air and water. but also as a sacrificial metal because it is more reactive and so will react with oxygen more readily. zinc will be oxidised (Lose electrons) instead of Iron. REACTIONS WITH DILUTE ACIDS METAL + ACID • Potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium form the metal salt and hydrogen • A salt is a compound produced when the hydrogen from an acid is replaced by a positive cation (metal ion) ammonian ion) • Magnesium, zinc and Iron react with decreasing vigour as the series descends Zinc + Zn + EXAMPLES: Magnesium + hydrochloric acid Magnesium chloride + hydrogen Mg + 2 HCL mg C12 H₂ zinc sulphide + Hydrogen Sulphuric acid → H₂SO4 ZnSO4 H₂ Witric acid 2HNO3 Iron Fe + + SALT + HYDROGEN POSSOM react very vigorously with dilute acid to NOT SAFE TO DO THESE REACTIONS ALE NO REACTION Iron (11) nitrate + Hydrogen Fe (NO₂)2 + H₂ • Aluminium will not react with cold acid due to the Stable aluminium. oxide layer, but will react when heated. MANSUM REACTS VIGORUSKY •metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series (Copper, silver and gold) do not react with acids. 1.50 ALUMINIUM + SULPHURIC ACID ALUMINIUM SULPHATE + HYDROGEN 2AL + 2H₂SO4 Al2(504)3 + 3H₂ ZINC RACTS SIMT AL HEAT REDOX REACTION: Displacement reactions where one Element is oxidised and the other is reduced Oxidatom Is OXIDISING AGENT: Loss Redums Gain the substance which oxidises an element (reduced itself) REDUCING AGENT: the substance that reduces cm element (oxidises itself) TH BOILED WATER WATER RUST formed when iron reacts with oxygen (either in air or water) to form hydrated from (111) oxide Rusting is an oxidation reaction. IRON OXYGEN WATER HYDRATED IRON (111) OXIDE (RUST) CALCIUM CHLORIDE abosarlos water vapour