Understanding Ratios and Their Simplification
Ratios are an essential concept in mathematics, representing proportional relationships between quantities. This page introduces the basics of ratios and demonstrates how to simplify them using whole numbers and decimals.
Definition: A ratio is an ordered pair of numbers a and b, written as a:b, that represents a proportional relationship between two quantities.
The process of simplifying ratios involves finding the highest common factor (HCF) of the numbers in the ratio and dividing both sides by this factor. This technique is applicable to ratios with whole numbers, decimals, and fractions.
Example: To simplify a ratio of 6 boys to 8 girls (6:8), we identify the HCF as 2. Dividing both sides by 2 results in the simplified ratio of 3:4.
When dealing with ratios with decimals, the first step is to convert the decimals to whole numbers by multiplying both sides of the ratio by an appropriate factor. Then, the simplification process can proceed as usual.
Example: To simplify the ratio 6:1.5, multiply both sides by 2 to get 12:3. The HCF of 12 and 3 is 3, so dividing both sides by 3 gives the simplified ratio of 4:1.
For ratios with fractions, the approach involves converting the fractions to a common denominator, multiplying both sides by this denominator to obtain whole numbers, and then simplifying as before.
Highlight: When simplifying ratios with different units, always convert to the smaller unit before proceeding with the simplification process.