Računalniška omrežja so danes del našega vsakdana - brez njih... Show more
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Updated May 8, 2026
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Osnove računalniških omrežij in interneta
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Uvod v računalniška omrežja
Predstavljaj si računalniško omrežje kot skupino prijateljev, ki si lahko pošiljajo sporočila - samo da namesto prijateljev imamo računalnike, telefone in druge naprave. Te naprave so povezane s kabli ali preko Wi-Fi-ja.
Glavni namen je jasen: izmenjava podatkov in deljenje virov. Brez omrežij bi bil vsak računalnik kot otok - popolnoma izoliran od drugih.
V vsakem omrežju imaš strežnik (server) in odjemalca (client). Strežnik je kot trgovina, ki nudi storitve - na primer hrani spletne strani ali datoteke. Odjemalec pa je kot kupec, ki nekaj potrebuje - tvoj računalnik, ko brskam po spletu.
💡 Zapomni si: Strežnik "streže" podatke, odjemalec pa jih "konzumira".
Ključni pojmi za razumevanje
Protokol je kot prometni zakonik za podatke - brez teh pravil bi vladal popoln kaos. Najpomembnejši je TCP/IP, ki je temelj interneta.
IP naslov je kot hišni naslov za pošto, samo za podatke. Vsaka naprava v omrežju ima svoj unikatni naslov, na primer 192.168.1.10. Brez tega podatki ne bi vedeli, kam morajo iti.
Usmerjevalnik (router) je ključna naprava - povezuje tvoje domače omrežje z internetom in ureja ves promet. Predstavljaj si ga kot prometnega regulirnika na križišču.
📝 Za test: Razumevanje modela odjemalec-strežnik je ključno za večino vprašanj!
Vrste omrežij: LAN in WAN
Omrežja delimo po velikosti, in to moraš obvladati za test! LAN (lokalno omrežje) pokriva majhno območje - tvoj dom, šolo ali pisarno. WAN (prostrano omrežje) pa povezuje naprave na velikih razdaljah.
Domače omrežje deluje preprosto: usmerjevalnik vsaki napravi dodeli zasebni IP naslov (npr. 192.168.1.2). Ti naslovi veljajo samo v tvojem domu.
Za dostop do interneta potrebuješ ponudnika internetnih storitev (ISP). Ta tvoji hiši dodeli en javni IP naslov, ki predstavlja celotno tvoje omrežje navzven.
⚡ Pomembno: Zasebni IP velja samo doma, javni IP pa te predstavlja na celotnem internetu.
Kako poteka komunikacija preko interneta
Ko vpišeš www.google.com, se zgodi pravi čudež tehnologije! Tvoj računalnik pošlje zahtevo usmerjevalniku, ta pa zamenja tvoj zasebni IP z javnim in sporočilo pošlje naprej.
Podatki ne potujejo v enem kosu - razdelijo se na pakete. Vsak paket vsebuje del podatkov ter naslove pošiljatelja in prejemnika. Ko pridejo na cilj, se spet sestavijo.
Googlov strežnik obdela zahtevo in pošlje odgovor nazaj. Tvoj usmerjevalnik ugotovi, kateri računalnik v omrežju je poslal zahtevo, in mu posreduje podatke.
Praktičen primer: Ko igraš mrežno igro s prijatelji doma, vsa komunikacija poteka preko LAN-a - zato je povezava super hitra!
🎯 Ključno za razumevanje: Internet ni oblak, ampak fizično omrežje kablov in strežnikov po vsem svetu.
Praktični primeri iz življenja
Primer 1: Ko se s prijatelji povežete na isto Wi-Fi omrežje za igranje, vsak dobi svoj lokalni IP. En računalnik postane strežnik, ostali pa odjemalci - komunikacija je hitra, ker ne gre preko interneta.
Primer 2: Dostop do spletne učilnice poteka drugače. Tvoj računalnik (odjemalec) pošlje zahtevo preko interneta do šolskega strežnika, ta pa ti vrne spletno stran.
Razlika je jasna: LAN komunikacija je lokalna in hitra, WAN komunikacija pa gre preko interneta in je počasnejša.
📚 Za test zapomni: LAN = majhno in lokalno, WAN = veliko in internetno.
Hiter pregled za ponavljanje
Osnovni pojmi: Omrežje povezuje naprave za izmenjavo podatkov. Strežnik nudi storitve, odjemalec jih zahteva. IP naslov je unikatni naslov vsake naprave.
Vrste omrežij: LAN za lokalno povezavo (dom, šola), WAN za velike razdalje (internet).
Ključne naprave: Usmerjevalnik povezuje različna omrežja in ureja promet podatkov.
Komunikacija: Podatki potujejo v paketih po protokolu TCP/IP. Zasebni IP velja samo lokalno, javni IP pa te predstavlja na internetu.
🏆 Končni nasvet: Te osnove so temelj za razumevanje celotne digitalne komunikacije - obvladaj jih in ostalo bo sledilo!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Osnove računalniških omrežij in interneta
Računalniška omrežja so danes del našega vsakdana - brez njih ne bi mogli surfati po spletu, pošiljati sporočil ali streamati videov. V bistvu gre za povezavo računalnikov, ki si lahko izmenjujejo podatke in delijo vire.
Uvod v računalniška omrežja
Predstavljaj si računalniško omrežje kot skupino prijateljev, ki si lahko pošiljajo sporočila - samo da namesto prijateljev imamo računalnike, telefone in druge naprave. Te naprave so povezane s kabli ali preko Wi-Fi-ja.
Glavni namen je jasen: izmenjava podatkov in deljenje virov. Brez omrežij bi bil vsak računalnik kot otok - popolnoma izoliran od drugih.
V vsakem omrežju imaš strežnik (server) in odjemalca (client). Strežnik je kot trgovina, ki nudi storitve - na primer hrani spletne strani ali datoteke. Odjemalec pa je kot kupec, ki nekaj potrebuje - tvoj računalnik, ko brskam po spletu.
💡 Zapomni si: Strežnik "streže" podatke, odjemalec pa jih "konzumira".
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Ključni pojmi za razumevanje
Protokol je kot prometni zakonik za podatke - brez teh pravil bi vladal popoln kaos. Najpomembnejši je TCP/IP, ki je temelj interneta.
IP naslov je kot hišni naslov za pošto, samo za podatke. Vsaka naprava v omrežju ima svoj unikatni naslov, na primer 192.168.1.10. Brez tega podatki ne bi vedeli, kam morajo iti.
Usmerjevalnik (router) je ključna naprava - povezuje tvoje domače omrežje z internetom in ureja ves promet. Predstavljaj si ga kot prometnega regulirnika na križišču.
📝 Za test: Razumevanje modela odjemalec-strežnik je ključno za večino vprašanj!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Vrste omrežij: LAN in WAN
Omrežja delimo po velikosti, in to moraš obvladati za test! LAN (lokalno omrežje) pokriva majhno območje - tvoj dom, šolo ali pisarno. WAN (prostrano omrežje) pa povezuje naprave na velikih razdaljah.
Domače omrežje deluje preprosto: usmerjevalnik vsaki napravi dodeli zasebni IP naslov (npr. 192.168.1.2). Ti naslovi veljajo samo v tvojem domu.
Za dostop do interneta potrebuješ ponudnika internetnih storitev (ISP). Ta tvoji hiši dodeli en javni IP naslov, ki predstavlja celotno tvoje omrežje navzven.
⚡ Pomembno: Zasebni IP velja samo doma, javni IP pa te predstavlja na celotnem internetu.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Kako poteka komunikacija preko interneta
Ko vpišeš www.google.com, se zgodi pravi čudež tehnologije! Tvoj računalnik pošlje zahtevo usmerjevalniku, ta pa zamenja tvoj zasebni IP z javnim in sporočilo pošlje naprej.
Podatki ne potujejo v enem kosu - razdelijo se na pakete. Vsak paket vsebuje del podatkov ter naslove pošiljatelja in prejemnika. Ko pridejo na cilj, se spet sestavijo.
Googlov strežnik obdela zahtevo in pošlje odgovor nazaj. Tvoj usmerjevalnik ugotovi, kateri računalnik v omrežju je poslal zahtevo, in mu posreduje podatke.
Praktičen primer: Ko igraš mrežno igro s prijatelji doma, vsa komunikacija poteka preko LAN-a - zato je povezava super hitra!
🎯 Ključno za razumevanje: Internet ni oblak, ampak fizično omrežje kablov in strežnikov po vsem svetu.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktični primeri iz življenja
Primer 1: Ko se s prijatelji povežete na isto Wi-Fi omrežje za igranje, vsak dobi svoj lokalni IP. En računalnik postane strežnik, ostali pa odjemalci - komunikacija je hitra, ker ne gre preko interneta.
Primer 2: Dostop do spletne učilnice poteka drugače. Tvoj računalnik (odjemalec) pošlje zahtevo preko interneta do šolskega strežnika, ta pa ti vrne spletno stran.
Razlika je jasna: LAN komunikacija je lokalna in hitra, WAN komunikacija pa gre preko interneta in je počasnejša.
📚 Za test zapomni: LAN = majhno in lokalno, WAN = veliko in internetno.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hiter pregled za ponavljanje
Osnovni pojmi: Omrežje povezuje naprave za izmenjavo podatkov. Strežnik nudi storitve, odjemalec jih zahteva. IP naslov je unikatni naslov vsake naprave.
Vrste omrežij: LAN za lokalno povezavo (dom, šola), WAN za velike razdalje (internet).
Ključne naprave: Usmerjevalnik povezuje različna omrežja in ureja promet podatkov.
Komunikacija: Podatki potujejo v paketih po protokolu TCP/IP. Zasebni IP velja samo lokalno, javni IP pa te predstavlja na internetu.
🏆 Končni nasvet: Te osnove so temelj za razumevanje celotne digitalne komunikacije - obvladaj jih in ostalo bo sledilo!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user