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28 Nov 2025
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Social Action Study Mind Maps
Alix
@alix_ozvj
1 / 3
Weber's Social Action Theory
Max Weber believed you need both structural and action approaches to truly understand society. Rather than seeing people as puppets controlled by social forces, he recognised that individuals actively make choices and attach personal meaning to their actions.
Weber identified four types of social action that drive human behaviour. Traditional action covers routine behaviours like brushing your teeth, whilst affective action involves emotional responses like crying when upset. Rational action focuses on finding the most logical way to achieve goals.
Weber introduced two crucial levels of analysis. The level of meaning explores the subjective reasons behind individual actions, whilst the level of cause examines objective structural factors shaping behaviour. Take football hooliganism – the level of cause might involve team rivalry and alcohol, but the level of meaning could reveal motivations like fun, community belonging, or peer pressure.
Quick Tip: Weber feared that growing bureaucracy would trap workers in an 'iron cage', limiting creativity through excessive focus on procedures over common sense.
Symbolic Interactionism
Symbolic interactionism, developed by G.H. Mead, reveals how we're constantly creating meaning in our social world. Unlike animals that act on pure instinct, humans interpret everything through symbols before responding – making us fundamentally different from other species.
The theory centres on symbols vs instinct. We communicate through symbols (especially language) and must interpret their meaning before acting. This interpretive phase happens lightning-fast but involves taking the role of others to understand situations from their perspective.
This ability develops through childhood social interaction like imitation and role play. As adults, we continue responding to the world by giving significance to things that matter to us personally. Every interaction becomes a complex dance of interpretation and meaning-making.
Remember: The theory overcomes structural determinism by showing how individuals actively create meaning, though it struggles to explain how social institutions still influence our behaviour.
Goffman's Dramaturgical Model
Erving Goffman revolutionised sociology by comparing social life to theatre performance. His dramaturgical model suggests we're all actors constantly managing impressions to control how others perceive us. This isn't fake – it's essential social skill.
Impression management involves several key techniques. We constantly study our audience's reactions and adjust accordingly, using language, tone, gestures, and expressions strategically. Props like clothing, makeup, and even furniture help us present our desired image to different audiences.
Goffman distinguished between our frontstage self (where we perform our roles) and backstage self (where we relax and drop the performance). Think about how differently you might act during a job interview versus hanging out with close friends – that's impression management in action.
The theory shows how we actively construct our identity rather than having it imposed on us. However, critics argue that not all behaviour is meaningful – much of what we do happens unconsciously or routinely without careful impression management.
Key Insight: We're not being dishonest when we present different versions of ourselves – we're skilfully navigating complex social situations that require different performances.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
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Where can I download the Knowunity app?
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Social Action Study Mind Maps
Alix
@alix_ozvj
Ever wondered why people behave the way they do? Social action theories dive into the fascinating world of human behaviour, exploring how we create meaning, manage impressions, and navigate daily life. These theories help us understand that society isn't just... Show more
Weber's Social Action Theory
Max Weber believed you need both structural and action approaches to truly understand society. Rather than seeing people as puppets controlled by social forces, he recognised that individuals actively make choices and attach personal meaning to their actions.
Weber identified four types of social action that drive human behaviour. Traditional action covers routine behaviours like brushing your teeth, whilst affective action involves emotional responses like crying when upset. Rational action focuses on finding the most logical way to achieve goals.
Weber introduced two crucial levels of analysis. The level of meaning explores the subjective reasons behind individual actions, whilst the level of cause examines objective structural factors shaping behaviour. Take football hooliganism – the level of cause might involve team rivalry and alcohol, but the level of meaning could reveal motivations like fun, community belonging, or peer pressure.
Quick Tip: Weber feared that growing bureaucracy would trap workers in an 'iron cage', limiting creativity through excessive focus on procedures over common sense.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Symbolic Interactionism
Symbolic interactionism, developed by G.H. Mead, reveals how we're constantly creating meaning in our social world. Unlike animals that act on pure instinct, humans interpret everything through symbols before responding – making us fundamentally different from other species.
The theory centres on symbols vs instinct. We communicate through symbols (especially language) and must interpret their meaning before acting. This interpretive phase happens lightning-fast but involves taking the role of others to understand situations from their perspective.
This ability develops through childhood social interaction like imitation and role play. As adults, we continue responding to the world by giving significance to things that matter to us personally. Every interaction becomes a complex dance of interpretation and meaning-making.
Remember: The theory overcomes structural determinism by showing how individuals actively create meaning, though it struggles to explain how social institutions still influence our behaviour.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Goffman's Dramaturgical Model
Erving Goffman revolutionised sociology by comparing social life to theatre performance. His dramaturgical model suggests we're all actors constantly managing impressions to control how others perceive us. This isn't fake – it's essential social skill.
Impression management involves several key techniques. We constantly study our audience's reactions and adjust accordingly, using language, tone, gestures, and expressions strategically. Props like clothing, makeup, and even furniture help us present our desired image to different audiences.
Goffman distinguished between our frontstage self (where we perform our roles) and backstage self (where we relax and drop the performance). Think about how differently you might act during a job interview versus hanging out with close friends – that's impression management in action.
The theory shows how we actively construct our identity rather than having it imposed on us. However, critics argue that not all behaviour is meaningful – much of what we do happens unconsciously or routinely without careful impression management.
Key Insight: We're not being dishonest when we present different versions of ourselves – we're skilfully navigating complex social situations that require different performances.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user