Maths
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English Language
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Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
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1,185
•
12 Dec 2025
•
j
@fairyj3n
Modern Britain's families look nothing like the traditional nuclear family... Show more
Your family structure might be quite different from your mates', and that's largely because Britain has become brilliantly diverse since the 1950s. With 14% of the UK population now belonging to ethnic minorities, we've got a fascinating mix of family patterns that challenge old-fashioned ideas.
Black families often get misunderstood in the media. Yes, over half of Black Caribbean and Black African families with children are lone-parent households, but researcher Heidi Safia Mirza argues this isn't about family breakdown - it's about Black women valuing their independence. Plus, many "lone" parents are actually in stable relationships; they just don't live together.
Asian households tend to be much larger (around 4 people compared to 2.4 for White British families), often including grandparents. This reflects strong cultural values about extended families providing support, especially when families first migrated to Britain.
Key Point: Don't assume larger households mean old-fashioned extended families - most are actually nuclear families with grandparents included.
Some sociologists and politicians are proper obsessed with defending the traditional nuclear family as the "best" option. Functionalists like Parsons reckon nuclear families perfectly fit modern society's needs, handling primary socialisation and keeping adults emotionally stable.
The New Right takes this even further, arguing that nuclear families are "natural" and based on biological differences between men and women. They're dead against lone parenthood, gay marriage, and cohabitation, claiming these create social problems and burden taxpayers.
But hang on - critics like Ann Oakley point out there's loads of cross-cultural evidence showing men and women can perform totally different roles. Feminists argue the New Right just wants to keep women financially dependent and powerless.
Chester's neo-conventional family offers a middle ground - he accepts that families have changed but argues most people still end up in nuclear-style arrangements, just with both partners working (the dual-earner family).
Key Point: These aren't just academic debates - they influence government policies that affect real families' lives and benefits.
Here's where it gets interesting - postmodernist researchers like Stacey argue that women are driving massive changes in family life by rejecting traditional housewife roles. She found examples of "divorce-extended families" where ex-spouses, new partners, and kids all support each other emotionally and financially.
Giddens and Beck developed the individualisation thesis, claiming we now live in a world of pure relationships based purely on love and satisfaction rather than duty. Same-sex couples are leading the way, creating families of choice from friends and chosen kin because they're not stuck with traditional gender roles.
But critics like Smart argue this individualisation thesis is bollocks - it ignores how social class, gender inequality, and existing relationships still massively limit our choices. The connectedness thesis suggests we make decisions within webs of existing relationships and social pressures.
The Rapoports identified five types of diversity - organisational, cultural, social class, life-stage, and generational - showing that family variety isn't just about individual choice but reflects deeper social patterns.
Key Point: Your family choices feel personal, but they're shaped by your social class, gender, ethnicity, and the relationships already around you.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
j
@fairyj3n
Modern Britain's families look nothing like the traditional nuclear family stereotype from decades past. Immigration, changing attitudes, and greater individual choice have created an incredible diversity of family structures that reflect our multicultural society and evolving values.
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Join milions of students
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Your family structure might be quite different from your mates', and that's largely because Britain has become brilliantly diverse since the 1950s. With 14% of the UK population now belonging to ethnic minorities, we've got a fascinating mix of family patterns that challenge old-fashioned ideas.
Black families often get misunderstood in the media. Yes, over half of Black Caribbean and Black African families with children are lone-parent households, but researcher Heidi Safia Mirza argues this isn't about family breakdown - it's about Black women valuing their independence. Plus, many "lone" parents are actually in stable relationships; they just don't live together.
Asian households tend to be much larger (around 4 people compared to 2.4 for White British families), often including grandparents. This reflects strong cultural values about extended families providing support, especially when families first migrated to Britain.
Key Point: Don't assume larger households mean old-fashioned extended families - most are actually nuclear families with grandparents included.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Some sociologists and politicians are proper obsessed with defending the traditional nuclear family as the "best" option. Functionalists like Parsons reckon nuclear families perfectly fit modern society's needs, handling primary socialisation and keeping adults emotionally stable.
The New Right takes this even further, arguing that nuclear families are "natural" and based on biological differences between men and women. They're dead against lone parenthood, gay marriage, and cohabitation, claiming these create social problems and burden taxpayers.
But hang on - critics like Ann Oakley point out there's loads of cross-cultural evidence showing men and women can perform totally different roles. Feminists argue the New Right just wants to keep women financially dependent and powerless.
Chester's neo-conventional family offers a middle ground - he accepts that families have changed but argues most people still end up in nuclear-style arrangements, just with both partners working (the dual-earner family).
Key Point: These aren't just academic debates - they influence government policies that affect real families' lives and benefits.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Here's where it gets interesting - postmodernist researchers like Stacey argue that women are driving massive changes in family life by rejecting traditional housewife roles. She found examples of "divorce-extended families" where ex-spouses, new partners, and kids all support each other emotionally and financially.
Giddens and Beck developed the individualisation thesis, claiming we now live in a world of pure relationships based purely on love and satisfaction rather than duty. Same-sex couples are leading the way, creating families of choice from friends and chosen kin because they're not stuck with traditional gender roles.
But critics like Smart argue this individualisation thesis is bollocks - it ignores how social class, gender inequality, and existing relationships still massively limit our choices. The connectedness thesis suggests we make decisions within webs of existing relationships and social pressures.
The Rapoports identified five types of diversity - organisational, cultural, social class, life-stage, and generational - showing that family variety isn't just about individual choice but reflects deeper social patterns.
Key Point: Your family choices feel personal, but they're shaped by your social class, gender, ethnicity, and the relationships already around you.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore key sociological concepts related to family dynamics, including the rise of cohabitation, changing marriage patterns, and the impact of social policies on family structures. This summary covers essential factors influencing family diversity, divorce rates, and the evolving roles of women in society. Ideal for sociology students preparing for essays or exams.
SociologyExplore essential sociological theories and perspectives from key thinkers in education and family studies. This knowledge organiser covers influential figures such as Ball, Bowles, Durkheim, and Becker, highlighting their contributions to understanding social class, labelling theory, and family dynamics. Ideal for students preparing for sociology exams.
SociologyAn analysis of the three main sociological perspectives: structural functionalist perspective, social conflict theory, and symbolic interactionist theory
SociologyExplore the critiques of Parsons' family theories through historical and interpretivist perspectives. This summary covers key studies by Laslett, Anderson, Fletcher, Willmott, Young, and Chester, highlighting family diversity, roles, and patterns in preindustrial and industrial Britain. Ideal for sociology students seeking to understand functionalism critiques and family dynamics.
SociologyExplore the key concepts of Functionalism, including its perspective on crime, socialization, and the role of societal structures. This summary covers major theorists like Durkheim and Parsons, their theories on social order, and critiques of Functionalism. Ideal for students studying sociological theories and their applications.
SociologyExplore the Marxist perspective on family structures and their role in perpetuating capitalism. This summary delves into concepts like false class consciousness, socialization, and the ideological control exerted by the family unit. Understand how early Marxists, including Engels, viewed the nuclear family as essential for wealth transmission and the maintenance of class inequality. Ideal for sociology students studying Marxism and its implications on social structures.
SociologyQuotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Combined Science