Umelecké prostriedky a figúry sú tajné zbrane každého dobrého autora.... Show more
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Updated Mar 28, 2026
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Umelecké prostriedky: Úvod a príklady
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Základy umeleckých prostriedkov
Predstav si, že máš pred sebou dva texty - jeden nudný školský popis a druhý krásnu báseň. Aký je medzi nimi rozdiel? Práve umelecké prostriedky! Autori ich používajú, aby ich texty ožili a zapôsobili na čitateľov.
Všetky umelecké prostriedky sa delia do dvoch hlavných skupín: trópy a figúry. Trópy menia význam slov (napríklad keď povieš "srdce kameň", nemyslíš tým skutočný kameň). Figúry zase menia formu a poradie slov (ako keď opakuješ "bež, bež, bež!").
Tip na zapamätanie: Trópy = zmena významu, Figúry = zmena formy. Toto rozdelenie ti pomôže pri každej analýze textu!
Prečo sa to vôbec učíme? Lebo tieto prostriedky sú všade okolo nás - v piesňach, reklamách, filmoch aj v tvojich obľúbených knihách. A hlavne - na maturite ich určite budeš potrebovať!
Trópy - keď slová získavají nový význam
Trópy sú ako kostýmy pre slová - dávajú im úplne nový význam! Metafora je najznámejší trópus, kde priamo hovoríš, že niečo je niečo iné: "zub času" alebo "more vlasov". Na druhej strane prirovnanie používa slová "ako" či "sta": "silný ako býk".
Personifikácia je super zábavná - dávaš ľudské vlastnosti veciam, ktoré ich nemajú. Keď napíšeš "vietor šepká" alebo "slnko sa usmieva", robíš presne to. Hyperbola je tvoj najlepší kamarát pri zdôrazňovaní - "stokrát som ti to hovoril" určite nie je doslova pravda.
Metonymia a synekdocha sú trochu zložitejšie, ale v podstate ide o to, že jedno slovo nahradíš iným, ktoré s ním súvisí. "Čítať Hviezdoslava" znamená čítať jeho diela, a "ani noha" znamená nikto.
Praktický tip: Vždy si polož otázku - hovorí sa tu niečo doslova alebo je to povedané "inak"? Ak inak, hľadaj trópus!
Figúry - majstri rytmu a formy
Figúry sú ako DJ-i v hudbe - vytvárajú rytmus a atmosféru textu! Anafora opakuje slová na začiatku veršov ("Kto si, kto si..."), zatiaľ čo epifora ich opakuje na konci. Epizeuxa je najjednoduchšia - opakuje slová hneď za sebou ("Bež, bež, bež!").
Aliterácia je zvuková čarodejka - opakuje rovnaké hlásky a vytvára krásny zvukový efekt: "Pláva plť po prúde". Rečnícka otázka je otázka, na ktorú nečakáš odpoveď, lebo už ju každý pozná: "Či je to možné?"
Apostrofa je ako rozhovor s niekým, kto tam nie je - "Ó, mladosť, kde si?". Gradácia postupne zosilňuje význam: "Prišiel, videl, zvíťazil". Antitéza pracuje s protikladmi a často ju nájdeš v ľudových piesňach.
Skvelý trik: Figúry sú ľahšie na rozpoznanie ako trópy - stačí si všímať opakovanie, poradie slov a zvuky!
Analýza v praxi - rozberáme texty
Poďme si to vyskúšať na konkrétnom príklade! Máme vetu: "Zlatá jeseň už prišla, vietor šepká tajomstvá, listy tancujú ako farebné motýle." Dokážeš nájsť umelecké prostriedky?
"Zlatá jeseň" je epiteton - umelecký prívlastok, ktorý jeseň krásne charakterizuje. "Vietor šepká" a "listy tancujú" sú jasné personifikácie - dávaš vietru a listom ľudské vlastnosti. "Ako farebné motýle" je prirovnanie so spojkou "ako".
Ďalší príklad: "Stokrát som mu to hovoril, ale jeho tvrdohlavosť bola múr." Tu máme hyperbolu ("stokrát") a metaforu . Vidíš, ako sa to dá?
Zlaté pravidlo: Začni s tým najzrejmejším a postupne hľadaj ďalšie. Každý text má niekoľko umeleckých prostriedkov!
Praktické tipy pre skúšky a život
Na maturitnej skúške budeš musieť identifikovať umelecké prostriedky a vysvetliť ich účinok. Nestačí len povedať "toto je metafora" - musíš dodať, prečo ju autor použil a ako pôsobí na čitateľa.
Rozdiel medzi metaforou a prirovnaním je najdôležitejší: metafora je priamejšia ("čas sú peniaze"), prirovnanie má spojku ("čas je ako peniaze"). Metonymiu rozpoznáš podľa vecnej súvislosti - "Biely dom rozhodol" znamená americká vláda.
Skús si všímať umelecké prostriedky všade okolo seba! Sú v reklamách ("Škoda ľudskosti"), v piesňach, dokonca aj v memes. Čím viac ich budeš vidieť v praxi, tým ľahšie ich budeš rozpoznávať v testoch.
Skvelá rada: Vytvor si vlastné príklady pre každý trópus a figúru - tie si zapamätáš najlepšie!
Zhrnutie na záver
Pre úspech na skúškach si zapamätaj toto rozdelenie: trópy menia význam (metafora, prirovnanie, personifikácia, hyperbola), figúry menia formu (anafora, epifora, aliterácia, rečnícka otázka).
Najčastejšie budeš na skúškach hľadať metafory, prirovnania, personifikácie a anafory. Tieto štyri sú základom úspešnej analýzy textu. Nezabúdaj vysvetliť nielen čo si našiel, ale aj prečo to autor použil.
Umelecké prostriedky nie sú len školská povinnosť - sú to nástroje, ktoré môžeš používať aj vo svojich vlastných textoch. Či už píšeš sloh, príspevok na sociálne siete alebo básničku, tieto prostriedky ti pomôžu vyjadriť sa originálne a pôsobivo.
Finálny tip: Pravidelne si precvičuj analýzu textov - čím viac praktizuješ, tým istejší budeš na skúškach!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Slovenský jazyk
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Umelecké prostriedky: Úvod a príklady
Umelecké prostriedky a figúry sú tajné zbrane každého dobrého autora. Tieto špeciálne jazykové nástroje robia z obyčajného textu niečo magické - vyvolávajú emócie, vytvárajú atmosféru a robią naše vyjadrovanie oveľa zaujímavejšie.
Základy umeleckých prostriedkov
Predstav si, že máš pred sebou dva texty - jeden nudný školský popis a druhý krásnu báseň. Aký je medzi nimi rozdiel? Práve umelecké prostriedky! Autori ich používajú, aby ich texty ožili a zapôsobili na čitateľov.
Všetky umelecké prostriedky sa delia do dvoch hlavných skupín: trópy a figúry. Trópy menia význam slov (napríklad keď povieš "srdce kameň", nemyslíš tým skutočný kameň). Figúry zase menia formu a poradie slov (ako keď opakuješ "bež, bež, bež!").
Tip na zapamätanie: Trópy = zmena významu, Figúry = zmena formy. Toto rozdelenie ti pomôže pri každej analýze textu!
Prečo sa to vôbec učíme? Lebo tieto prostriedky sú všade okolo nás - v piesňach, reklamách, filmoch aj v tvojich obľúbených knihách. A hlavne - na maturite ich určite budeš potrebovať!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Trópy - keď slová získavají nový význam
Trópy sú ako kostýmy pre slová - dávajú im úplne nový význam! Metafora je najznámejší trópus, kde priamo hovoríš, že niečo je niečo iné: "zub času" alebo "more vlasov". Na druhej strane prirovnanie používa slová "ako" či "sta": "silný ako býk".
Personifikácia je super zábavná - dávaš ľudské vlastnosti veciam, ktoré ich nemajú. Keď napíšeš "vietor šepká" alebo "slnko sa usmieva", robíš presne to. Hyperbola je tvoj najlepší kamarát pri zdôrazňovaní - "stokrát som ti to hovoril" určite nie je doslova pravda.
Metonymia a synekdocha sú trochu zložitejšie, ale v podstate ide o to, že jedno slovo nahradíš iným, ktoré s ním súvisí. "Čítať Hviezdoslava" znamená čítať jeho diela, a "ani noha" znamená nikto.
Praktický tip: Vždy si polož otázku - hovorí sa tu niečo doslova alebo je to povedané "inak"? Ak inak, hľadaj trópus!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Figúry - majstri rytmu a formy
Figúry sú ako DJ-i v hudbe - vytvárajú rytmus a atmosféru textu! Anafora opakuje slová na začiatku veršov ("Kto si, kto si..."), zatiaľ čo epifora ich opakuje na konci. Epizeuxa je najjednoduchšia - opakuje slová hneď za sebou ("Bež, bež, bež!").
Aliterácia je zvuková čarodejka - opakuje rovnaké hlásky a vytvára krásny zvukový efekt: "Pláva plť po prúde". Rečnícka otázka je otázka, na ktorú nečakáš odpoveď, lebo už ju každý pozná: "Či je to možné?"
Apostrofa je ako rozhovor s niekým, kto tam nie je - "Ó, mladosť, kde si?". Gradácia postupne zosilňuje význam: "Prišiel, videl, zvíťazil". Antitéza pracuje s protikladmi a často ju nájdeš v ľudových piesňach.
Skvelý trik: Figúry sú ľahšie na rozpoznanie ako trópy - stačí si všímať opakovanie, poradie slov a zvuky!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Analýza v praxi - rozberáme texty
Poďme si to vyskúšať na konkrétnom príklade! Máme vetu: "Zlatá jeseň už prišla, vietor šepká tajomstvá, listy tancujú ako farebné motýle." Dokážeš nájsť umelecké prostriedky?
"Zlatá jeseň" je epiteton - umelecký prívlastok, ktorý jeseň krásne charakterizuje. "Vietor šepká" a "listy tancujú" sú jasné personifikácie - dávaš vietru a listom ľudské vlastnosti. "Ako farebné motýle" je prirovnanie so spojkou "ako".
Ďalší príklad: "Stokrát som mu to hovoril, ale jeho tvrdohlavosť bola múr." Tu máme hyperbolu ("stokrát") a metaforu . Vidíš, ako sa to dá?
Zlaté pravidlo: Začni s tým najzrejmejším a postupne hľadaj ďalšie. Každý text má niekoľko umeleckých prostriedkov!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktické tipy pre skúšky a život
Na maturitnej skúške budeš musieť identifikovať umelecké prostriedky a vysvetliť ich účinok. Nestačí len povedať "toto je metafora" - musíš dodať, prečo ju autor použil a ako pôsobí na čitateľa.
Rozdiel medzi metaforou a prirovnaním je najdôležitejší: metafora je priamejšia ("čas sú peniaze"), prirovnanie má spojku ("čas je ako peniaze"). Metonymiu rozpoznáš podľa vecnej súvislosti - "Biely dom rozhodol" znamená americká vláda.
Skús si všímať umelecké prostriedky všade okolo seba! Sú v reklamách ("Škoda ľudskosti"), v piesňach, dokonca aj v memes. Čím viac ich budeš vidieť v praxi, tým ľahšie ich budeš rozpoznávať v testoch.
Skvelá rada: Vytvor si vlastné príklady pre každý trópus a figúru - tie si zapamätáš najlepšie!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Zhrnutie na záver
Pre úspech na skúškach si zapamätaj toto rozdelenie: trópy menia význam (metafora, prirovnanie, personifikácia, hyperbola), figúry menia formu (anafora, epifora, aliterácia, rečnícka otázka).
Najčastejšie budeš na skúškach hľadať metafory, prirovnania, personifikácie a anafory. Tieto štyri sú základom úspešnej analýzy textu. Nezabúdaj vysvetliť nielen čo si našiel, ale aj prečo to autor použil.
Umelecké prostriedky nie sú len školská povinnosť - sú to nástroje, ktoré môžeš používať aj vo svojich vlastných textoch. Či už píšeš sloh, príspevok na sociálne siete alebo básničku, tieto prostriedky ti pomôžu vyjadriť sa originálne a pôsobivo.
Finálny tip: Pravidelne si precvičuj analýzu textov - čím viac praktizuješ, tým istejší budeš na skúškach!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Slovenský jazyk
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user