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Updated Mar 13, 2026
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Ohybné slovné druhy: Príklady a pravidlá
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Čo sú ohybné slovné druhy?
Predstav si, že slová sú ako herci v divadle - niektoré dokážu hrať rôzne úlohy a meniť svoj kostým (ohybné), iné sú vždy rovnaké (neohybné). Ohybné slovné druhy menia svoj tvar podľa toho, ako ich používame vo vete.
Máme dva spôsoby, ako sa slová môžu ohýbať. Skloňovanie poznáš z podstatných mien, prídavných mien, zámen a čísloviek - tu meníš slovo podľa pádov. Časovanie zas poznáš zo slovies - tu meníš slovo podľa toho, kto niečo robí a kedy.
Najdôležitejšie sú gramatické kategórie - to sú vlastnosti, ktoré určujú, ako sa slovo zmení. Pre skloňovanie je to pád (Kto? Koho? Komu?...), číslo a rod . Toto ti pomôže pri písomkách!
Tip na zapamätanie: Ohybné = menia tvar, neohybné = vždy rovnaké. Väčšina slov v slovenčine je ohybná!
Podstatné a prídavné mená
Podstatné mená sú tvoji kamaráti, ktorí pomenúvajú všetko okolo teba - ľudí, zvieratá, veci. Každé má svoj rod (chlap je mužský, žena ženský, mesto stredné) a skloňuje sa podľa vzorov. Pri mužskom rode si dávaj pozor na životné vs. neživotné - inak povieš "vidím chlapa" a "vidím dub".
Prídavné mená sú ako módni poradcovia - vždy sa prispôsobia podstatnému menu, ku ktorému patria. Ak máš "krásny chlap", bude to "krásna žena" a "krásne dieťa". Jednoduché!
Prídavné mená majú tri typy. Akostné vyjadrujú priamu vlastnosť a dajú sa stupňovať (dobrý → lepší → najlepší). Vzťahové hovoria o vzťahu k niečomu (drevený stôl). Privlastňovacie ukazujú, komu čo patří (otcov dom).
Nezabudni: Prídavné meno sa vždy musí zhodovať s podstatným menom v rode, čísle a páde!
Zámená a číslovky
Zámená sú ako zástupcovia - zastupujú podstatné alebo prídavné mená, keď sa nám nechce opakovať. Poznáš osobné (ja, ty, on), privlastňovacie (môj, tvoj), ukazovacie (ten, tamten) a množstvo ďalších typov.
Zvláštnu pozornosť si zaslúžia zvratné zámená (sa, si, svoj) - tie používaš, keď niekto niečo robí sám sebe. Väčšina zámen sa skloňuje, ale pozor na "jeho, jej, ich" - tie sú vždy rovnaké!
Číslovky ti pomáhajú rátať a usporadúvať. Základné odpovedajú na "koľko?" (jeden, dva, tri), radové na "koľký v poradí?" (prvý, druhý, tretí). Skloňujú sa len niektoré - hlavne jeden, dva, tri, štyri a všetky radové.
Častá chyba: Radové číslovky (prvý, druhý...) sa skloňujú presne ako prídavné mená!
Slovesá - najkomplikovanejšie, ale zvládneš to!
Slovesá sú motorom každej vety - vyjadrujú, co sa deje. Menia sa podľa osoby (kto to robí), čísla (jeden alebo viac), času (kedy) a spôsobu (ako o tom hovoríš).
Vid je super dôležitý! Dokonavé slovesá hovoria o ukončenom deji (napísať, prečítať) a nedokonavé o prebiehajúcom (písať, čítať). Toto ti pomôže pri tvorení časov.
Poznáš tri spôsoby: oznamovací pre obyčajné vety (píšem), rozkazovací pre príkazy (píš!) a podmieňovací pre situácie "keby" (písal by som). Rod rozlišuje, či podmet niečo robí (činný) alebo sa s ním niečo deje (trpný).
Tip na test: Ak si nevieš rady s vidom, spýtaj sa "je dej ukončený?" Ak áno, je dokonavý!
Praktické cvičenie na upevnenie
Skúsme si to na príklade: "Môj starší brat včera napísal zaujímavý list." Dokážeš rozoznať slovné druhy?
"Môj" je privlastňovacie zámeno, "starší" je prídavné meno v 2. stupni, "brat" je podstatné meno mužského rodu. "Včera" je príslovka (neohybná!), "napísal" je dokonavé sloveso v minulom čase.
Pri skloňovaní si najprv urči rod, číslo a vzor. Napríklad "dievča" je stredný rod, vzor dievča. V nominatíve je "dievča", v genitíve "dievčaťa". Nominatív a akuzatív sú vždy rovnaké!
Stupňovanie prídavných mien funguje jednoducho: šikovný → šikovnejší → najšikovnejší. Len akostné prídavné mená sa dajú stupňovať, vzťahové a privlastňovacie nie.
Skvelý trik: Ak nevieš určiť slovný druh, spýtaj sa "mení sa toto slovo vo vetách?" Ak áno, je ohybné!
Najdôležitejšie tipy na úspech
Zhoda je tvoj najlepší kamarát - prídavné mená, zámená a radové číslovky sa musia vždy zhodovať s podstatným menom v rode, čísle a páde. To je najčastejšia chyba na testoch!
Zapamätaj si nesklonné slová: zámená "jeho, jej, ich" a väčšina čísloviek od päť vyššie. Tie sa nikdy nemenia. Vzory sú tvoja záchrana - ak nevieš, ako skloňovať slovo, priradíš ho k známemu vzoru.
Kontext je kľúčový! To isté slovo môže byť v rôznych vetách iným slovným druhom. Napríklad "tri" v "tri jabĺčka" je číslovka, ale "tri si tričko" obsahuje sloveso.
Zlaté pravidlo: Pri každom slove si najprv urč, či sa ohýba alebo nie. Potom už len určíš typ a gramatické kategórie!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Slovenský jazyk
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Ohybné slovné druhy: Príklady a pravidlá
Gramatika ti môže pripadať nudná, ale ohybné slovné druhy sú vlastne super vec! Sú to slová, ktoré sa dokážu prispôsobiť a meniť svoj tvar - ako chameleóny vo vetách. Bez nich by si nemohol normálne rozprávať ani písať po slovensky.
Čo sú ohybné slovné druhy?
Predstav si, že slová sú ako herci v divadle - niektoré dokážu hrať rôzne úlohy a meniť svoj kostým (ohybné), iné sú vždy rovnaké (neohybné). Ohybné slovné druhy menia svoj tvar podľa toho, ako ich používame vo vete.
Máme dva spôsoby, ako sa slová môžu ohýbať. Skloňovanie poznáš z podstatných mien, prídavných mien, zámen a čísloviek - tu meníš slovo podľa pádov. Časovanie zas poznáš zo slovies - tu meníš slovo podľa toho, kto niečo robí a kedy.
Najdôležitejšie sú gramatické kategórie - to sú vlastnosti, ktoré určujú, ako sa slovo zmení. Pre skloňovanie je to pád (Kto? Koho? Komu?...), číslo a rod . Toto ti pomôže pri písomkách!
Tip na zapamätanie: Ohybné = menia tvar, neohybné = vždy rovnaké. Väčšina slov v slovenčine je ohybná!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Podstatné a prídavné mená
Podstatné mená sú tvoji kamaráti, ktorí pomenúvajú všetko okolo teba - ľudí, zvieratá, veci. Každé má svoj rod (chlap je mužský, žena ženský, mesto stredné) a skloňuje sa podľa vzorov. Pri mužskom rode si dávaj pozor na životné vs. neživotné - inak povieš "vidím chlapa" a "vidím dub".
Prídavné mená sú ako módni poradcovia - vždy sa prispôsobia podstatnému menu, ku ktorému patria. Ak máš "krásny chlap", bude to "krásna žena" a "krásne dieťa". Jednoduché!
Prídavné mená majú tri typy. Akostné vyjadrujú priamu vlastnosť a dajú sa stupňovať (dobrý → lepší → najlepší). Vzťahové hovoria o vzťahu k niečomu (drevený stôl). Privlastňovacie ukazujú, komu čo patří (otcov dom).
Nezabudni: Prídavné meno sa vždy musí zhodovať s podstatným menom v rode, čísle a páde!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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Zámená a číslovky
Zámená sú ako zástupcovia - zastupujú podstatné alebo prídavné mená, keď sa nám nechce opakovať. Poznáš osobné (ja, ty, on), privlastňovacie (môj, tvoj), ukazovacie (ten, tamten) a množstvo ďalších typov.
Zvláštnu pozornosť si zaslúžia zvratné zámená (sa, si, svoj) - tie používaš, keď niekto niečo robí sám sebe. Väčšina zámen sa skloňuje, ale pozor na "jeho, jej, ich" - tie sú vždy rovnaké!
Číslovky ti pomáhajú rátať a usporadúvať. Základné odpovedajú na "koľko?" (jeden, dva, tri), radové na "koľký v poradí?" (prvý, druhý, tretí). Skloňujú sa len niektoré - hlavne jeden, dva, tri, štyri a všetky radové.
Častá chyba: Radové číslovky (prvý, druhý...) sa skloňujú presne ako prídavné mená!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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Slovesá - najkomplikovanejšie, ale zvládneš to!
Slovesá sú motorom každej vety - vyjadrujú, co sa deje. Menia sa podľa osoby (kto to robí), čísla (jeden alebo viac), času (kedy) a spôsobu (ako o tom hovoríš).
Vid je super dôležitý! Dokonavé slovesá hovoria o ukončenom deji (napísať, prečítať) a nedokonavé o prebiehajúcom (písať, čítať). Toto ti pomôže pri tvorení časov.
Poznáš tri spôsoby: oznamovací pre obyčajné vety (píšem), rozkazovací pre príkazy (píš!) a podmieňovací pre situácie "keby" (písal by som). Rod rozlišuje, či podmet niečo robí (činný) alebo sa s ním niečo deje (trpný).
Tip na test: Ak si nevieš rady s vidom, spýtaj sa "je dej ukončený?" Ak áno, je dokonavý!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktické cvičenie na upevnenie
Skúsme si to na príklade: "Môj starší brat včera napísal zaujímavý list." Dokážeš rozoznať slovné druhy?
"Môj" je privlastňovacie zámeno, "starší" je prídavné meno v 2. stupni, "brat" je podstatné meno mužského rodu. "Včera" je príslovka (neohybná!), "napísal" je dokonavé sloveso v minulom čase.
Pri skloňovaní si najprv urči rod, číslo a vzor. Napríklad "dievča" je stredný rod, vzor dievča. V nominatíve je "dievča", v genitíve "dievčaťa". Nominatív a akuzatív sú vždy rovnaké!
Stupňovanie prídavných mien funguje jednoducho: šikovný → šikovnejší → najšikovnejší. Len akostné prídavné mená sa dajú stupňovať, vzťahové a privlastňovacie nie.
Skvelý trik: Ak nevieš určiť slovný druh, spýtaj sa "mení sa toto slovo vo vetách?" Ak áno, je ohybné!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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Najdôležitejšie tipy na úspech
Zhoda je tvoj najlepší kamarát - prídavné mená, zámená a radové číslovky sa musia vždy zhodovať s podstatným menom v rode, čísle a páde. To je najčastejšia chyba na testoch!
Zapamätaj si nesklonné slová: zámená "jeho, jej, ich" a väčšina čísloviek od päť vyššie. Tie sa nikdy nemenia. Vzory sú tvoja záchrana - ak nevieš, ako skloňovať slovo, priradíš ho k známemu vzoru.
Kontext je kľúčový! To isté slovo môže byť v rôznych vetách iným slovným druhom. Napríklad "tri" v "tri jabĺčka" je číslovka, ale "tri si tričko" obsahuje sloveso.
Zlaté pravidlo: Pri každom slove si najprv urč, či sa ohýba alebo nie. Potom už len určíš typ a gramatické kategórie!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Slovenský jazyk
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user