Slovná zásoba slovenčiny sa neustále rozširuje a mení - každý... Show more
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Updated Mar 19, 2026
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Ako Zvýšiť Slovnú Zásobu Efektívne
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Základy obohacovania slovnej zásoby
Slovenčina je živý jazyk, ktorý sa prispôsobuje novým technológiám, kultúram a potrebám. Obohacovanie slovnej zásoby znamená, že pribúdajú nové slová alebo staré slová dostávajú nové významy.
Rozdeľujeme slovnú zásobu na aktívnu (slová, ktoré bežne používaš) a pasívnu (slová, ktorým rozumieš, ale nevyslovovaš ich často). Tvoja pasívna slovná zásoba je omnoho väčšia ako aktívna!
Lexikológia je veda, ktorá skúma slovnú zásobu a jej vývoj. Pre testy si zapamätaj, že slovná zásoba sa obohacuje tromi hlavnými spôsobmi: tvorbou nových slov, preberaním z cudzích jazykov a zmenou významu existujúcich slov.
💡 Tip: Jazyk je ako živý organizmus - neustále rastie a vyvíja sa podľa potrieb spoločnosti.
Tvorenie nových slov
Slovenčina si dokáže "vyrobiť" nové slová z vlastných zdrojov troma spôsobmi.
Odvodzovanie je najčastejší spôsob. K základnému slovu pridáš predponu alebo príponu: ne-šťastný, učiteľ-ka, roz-právať. Takto z jedného slova "učiť" vzniknú desiatky nových slov.
Skladanie spája dva alebo viac základov do jedného slova. Často sa používajú spojovacie samohlásky -o- alebo -e-: zem-o-pis, vod-o-vod, velk-o-mesto. Je to ako stavanie z kociek!
Skracovanie vytvára kratšie formy: skratky (SR, EÚ), akronymy (NATO, UNESCO) a značky (kg, m). V digitálnej dobe pribúdajú stále nové skratky.
💡 Pre testy: Vedz rozoznať, či ide o predponu, príponu, alebo zložené slovo so spojovacou samohláskou.
Preberanie z cudzích jazykov
Slovenčina si požičiava slová z iných jazykov, hlavne z angličtiny. Existuje niekoľko spôsobov, ako to robí.
Priame preberanie znamená, že slovo vezmeme takmer v pôvodnej podobe: víkend, manažér, pizza, internet. Tieto slová sa postupne "poslovenčujú" - prispôsobia sa našej gramatike.
Kalky sú doslovné preklady cudzích slov: mrakodrap (skyscraper), vodopád (Wasserfall), železnica (Eisenbahn). Namiesto prevzatia slova ho preložíme.
Internacionalizmy sú "svetové" slová, ktoré sa používajú v mnohých jazykoch: demokracia, telefón, história. Majú často grécky alebo latinský pôvod.
💡 Zaujímavosť: Niektoré prevzaté slová sú len módne výstrelky a časom zmiznú, iné sa natrvalo ujmú.
Hybridné slová a zmeny významov
Hybridné slová kombinujú domáci a cudzí základ: autoškola , bioodpad . Takto vznikajú nové pojmy pre moderné javy.
Slovná zásoba sa obohacuje aj zmenou významu existujúcich slov. Slovo družica pôvodne znamenalo spoločníčku, dnes aj satelit. Myš bola len zviera, teraz aj počítačové zariadenie.
Rozoznávame rozšírenie významu (slovo označuje viac vecí), zúženie významu (slovo označuje menej vecí) a prenesenie významu (metafora a metonymia).
Príklady prenesenia: hlava rodiny , koruna ako mena .
💡 Pre úspech: Cvič si rozpoznávanie týchto spôsobov na konkrétnych príkladoch - to je najčastejší typ úlohy na testoch.
Praktické cvičenie a príklady
Skúsme si precvičiť rozpoznávanie rôznych spôsobov obohacovania na konkrétnych príkladach.
Vodovod - skladanie . Počítač - odvodzovanie . SR - skracovanie (skratka). Víkend - priame preberanie z angličtiny.
Predškolský vznikol odvodzovaním . Mrakodrap je kalk (doslovný preklad skyscraper). Demokracia je internacionalizmus používaný vo všetkých európskych jazykoch.
Pre slovo myš (počítačová) ide o zmenu významu - prenesenie na základe podobnosti tvaru. Je to metafora, lebo počítačová myš pripomína tvarom skutočnú myš.
💡 Skúšková otázka: Najčastejšie sa pýtajú na rozlíšenie kalkov od internacionalizmov a na určenie spôsobu tvorby konkrétnych slov.
Zhrnutie pre testy
Pre úspešné zvládnutie testov si zapamätaj tri hlavné kategórie obohacovania slovnej zásoby.
Tvorenie nových slov: odvodzovanie (predpony a prípony), skladanie (spojovanie základov), skracovanie (skratky a značky). Preberanie z cudzích jazykov: priame preberanie, kalky (doslovné preklady), internacionalizmy (svetové slová), hybridné slová.
Zmena významu slov: rozšírenie významu, zúženie významu, prenesenie významu (metafora a metonymia). Tieto procesy bežia neustále a umožňujú jazyku prispôsobiť sa novým potrebám.
Rozumieť obohacovania slovnej zásoby ti pomôže nielen pri testoch, ale aj pri lepšom vyjadrovani a presnejšom formulovaní myšlienok. Je to základ dobrej jazykovej gramotnosti.
💡 Záverečný tip: Sleduj, ako vznikajú nové slová okolo teba - v technológiách, sociálnych sieťach, športe. Je to živý proces, ktorý môžeš pozorovať každý deň.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Slovenský jazyk
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Ako Zvýšiť Slovnú Zásobu Efektívne
Slovná zásoba slovenčiny sa neustále rozširuje a mení - každý deň vznikajú nové slová alebo staré získavajú nové významy. Rozumieť tomu, ako sa jazyk obohacuje, ti pomôže lepšie sa vyjadrovať a pochopiť, prečo používame určité slová.
Základy obohacovania slovnej zásoby
Slovenčina je živý jazyk, ktorý sa prispôsobuje novým technológiám, kultúram a potrebám. Obohacovanie slovnej zásoby znamená, že pribúdajú nové slová alebo staré slová dostávajú nové významy.
Rozdeľujeme slovnú zásobu na aktívnu (slová, ktoré bežne používaš) a pasívnu (slová, ktorým rozumieš, ale nevyslovovaš ich často). Tvoja pasívna slovná zásoba je omnoho väčšia ako aktívna!
Lexikológia je veda, ktorá skúma slovnú zásobu a jej vývoj. Pre testy si zapamätaj, že slovná zásoba sa obohacuje tromi hlavnými spôsobmi: tvorbou nových slov, preberaním z cudzích jazykov a zmenou významu existujúcich slov.
💡 Tip: Jazyk je ako živý organizmus - neustále rastie a vyvíja sa podľa potrieb spoločnosti.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Tvorenie nových slov
Slovenčina si dokáže "vyrobiť" nové slová z vlastných zdrojov troma spôsobmi.
Odvodzovanie je najčastejší spôsob. K základnému slovu pridáš predponu alebo príponu: ne-šťastný, učiteľ-ka, roz-právať. Takto z jedného slova "učiť" vzniknú desiatky nových slov.
Skladanie spája dva alebo viac základov do jedného slova. Často sa používajú spojovacie samohlásky -o- alebo -e-: zem-o-pis, vod-o-vod, velk-o-mesto. Je to ako stavanie z kociek!
Skracovanie vytvára kratšie formy: skratky (SR, EÚ), akronymy (NATO, UNESCO) a značky (kg, m). V digitálnej dobe pribúdajú stále nové skratky.
💡 Pre testy: Vedz rozoznať, či ide o predponu, príponu, alebo zložené slovo so spojovacou samohláskou.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Preberanie z cudzích jazykov
Slovenčina si požičiava slová z iných jazykov, hlavne z angličtiny. Existuje niekoľko spôsobov, ako to robí.
Priame preberanie znamená, že slovo vezmeme takmer v pôvodnej podobe: víkend, manažér, pizza, internet. Tieto slová sa postupne "poslovenčujú" - prispôsobia sa našej gramatike.
Kalky sú doslovné preklady cudzích slov: mrakodrap (skyscraper), vodopád (Wasserfall), železnica (Eisenbahn). Namiesto prevzatia slova ho preložíme.
Internacionalizmy sú "svetové" slová, ktoré sa používajú v mnohých jazykoch: demokracia, telefón, história. Majú často grécky alebo latinský pôvod.
💡 Zaujímavosť: Niektoré prevzaté slová sú len módne výstrelky a časom zmiznú, iné sa natrvalo ujmú.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hybridné slová a zmeny významov
Hybridné slová kombinujú domáci a cudzí základ: autoškola , bioodpad . Takto vznikajú nové pojmy pre moderné javy.
Slovná zásoba sa obohacuje aj zmenou významu existujúcich slov. Slovo družica pôvodne znamenalo spoločníčku, dnes aj satelit. Myš bola len zviera, teraz aj počítačové zariadenie.
Rozoznávame rozšírenie významu (slovo označuje viac vecí), zúženie významu (slovo označuje menej vecí) a prenesenie významu (metafora a metonymia).
Príklady prenesenia: hlava rodiny , koruna ako mena .
💡 Pre úspech: Cvič si rozpoznávanie týchto spôsobov na konkrétnych príkladoch - to je najčastejší typ úlohy na testoch.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktické cvičenie a príklady
Skúsme si precvičiť rozpoznávanie rôznych spôsobov obohacovania na konkrétnych príkladach.
Vodovod - skladanie . Počítač - odvodzovanie . SR - skracovanie (skratka). Víkend - priame preberanie z angličtiny.
Predškolský vznikol odvodzovaním . Mrakodrap je kalk (doslovný preklad skyscraper). Demokracia je internacionalizmus používaný vo všetkých európskych jazykoch.
Pre slovo myš (počítačová) ide o zmenu významu - prenesenie na základe podobnosti tvaru. Je to metafora, lebo počítačová myš pripomína tvarom skutočnú myš.
💡 Skúšková otázka: Najčastejšie sa pýtajú na rozlíšenie kalkov od internacionalizmov a na určenie spôsobu tvorby konkrétnych slov.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Zhrnutie pre testy
Pre úspešné zvládnutie testov si zapamätaj tri hlavné kategórie obohacovania slovnej zásoby.
Tvorenie nových slov: odvodzovanie (predpony a prípony), skladanie (spojovanie základov), skracovanie (skratky a značky). Preberanie z cudzích jazykov: priame preberanie, kalky (doslovné preklady), internacionalizmy (svetové slová), hybridné slová.
Zmena významu slov: rozšírenie významu, zúženie významu, prenesenie významu (metafora a metonymia). Tieto procesy bežia neustále a umožňujú jazyku prispôsobiť sa novým potrebám.
Rozumieť obohacovania slovnej zásoby ti pomôže nielen pri testoch, ale aj pri lepšom vyjadrovani a presnejšom formulovaní myšlienok. Je to základ dobrej jazykovej gramotnosti.
💡 Záverečný tip: Sleduj, ako vznikajú nové slová okolo teba - v technológiách, sociálnych sieťach, športe. Je to živý proces, ktorý môžeš pozorovať každý deň.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Slovenský jazyk
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user