Lexikológia je vlastne štúdium všetkých slov v slovenčine - odkiaľ... Show more
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Updated Mar 16, 2026
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Lexikológia – Pochopenie slovnej zásoby a jej významu
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Základy lexikológie a slovnej zásoby
Predstav si lexikológiu ako vedu, ktorá skúma všetky slová v slovenčine - je to tvoj sprievodca svetom jazyka! Zaoberá sa tým, odkiaľ slová pochádzajú, čo znamenajú a ako sa používajú.
Slovná zásoba (lexika) je jednoducho súhrn všetkých slov, ktoré v slovenčine existujú. Rozdeľujeme ju na aktívnu (slová, ktoré bežne používaš) a pasívnu (slová, ktorým rozumieš, ale často ich nepoužívaš).
Každé slovo má svoju formu a význam, zatiaľ čo lexéma je základná podoba slova - napríklad "robiť" je lexéma pre "robím", "robíš", "robí". Toto rozlíšenie ti pomôže lepšie chápať štruktúru jazyka.
💡 Tip: Aktívnu slovnú zásobu si rozšíriš čítaním kníh a počúvaním podcastov!
Pôvod slov - odkiaľ naše slová pochádzajú
Nie všetky slová v slovenčine vznikli u nás! Domáce slová ako "dom", "voda" či "matka" vznikli priamo v slovenčine alebo praslovančine a používame ich každý deň.
Prevzaté slová prišli k nám z iných jazykov a môžu byť úplne zdomácnené , čiastočne zdomácnené ("víkend", "manažér") alebo sú to internacionalizmy ("telefón", "demokracia").
Archaizmy sú slová, ktoré sa už bežne nepoužívajú , zatiaľ čo historizmy označujú veci, čo už neexistujú . Neologizmy sú naopak nové slová ako "selfie" či "influencer".
💡 Tip: Keď nevieš, či je slovo domáce alebo prevzaté, skús si predstaviť, či ho používali už naši predkovia!
Význam slova - keď jedno slovo znamená viac vecí
Väčšina slov má len jeden význam (napríklad "kalkulačka"), ale niektoré majú významov viac! Polysémia znamená, že slovo má viacero súvisiacich významov - "koruna" môže byť kráľovská, na strome alebo zubná.
Metafora prenáša význam na základe podobnosti , zatiaľ čo metonymia na základe súvislosti .
Pozor na rozdiel medzi polysémiou a homonymiou! Pri polysémii je jedno slovo s viacerými súvisiacimi významami, pri homonymii sú to rôzne slová, ktoré len náhodou znejú rovnako ("koruna" stromu vs. "koruna" ako mena).
💡 Tip: Keď si neistý, či ide o polysémiu alebo homonymiu, opýtaj sa: "Súvisia tieto významy nejako?" Ak áno, je to polysémia!
Vzťahy medzi slovami
Slová v slovenčine nie sú izolované - vytvárajú medzi sebou zaujímavé vzťahy! Synonymá majú rovnaký alebo podobný význam a pomáhajú ti vyhnúť sa opakovaniu.
Antonymá sú slová s opačným významom . Synonymický rad je skupina synoným s rôznymi odtieňmi významu - "ísť", "kráčať", "cupitať", "bežať".
Homonymá znejú rovnako, ale majú úplne iný význam - "stopky" (hodinky) vs. "stopky" (rastliny). Môžu byť úplné (zhodujú sa vo všetkých tvaroch) alebo čiastočné (len v niektorých tvaroch).
💡 Tip: Synonymá používaj pre obohatenie prejavu, ale pozor - nie vždy sú zameniteľné v každom kontexte!
Ako sa slovná zásoba obohacuje
Slovenčina sa stále vyvíja a získava nové slová rôznymi spôsobmi! Odvodzovanie vytvára nové slová pridaním predpôn a prípon ("učiť" → "učiteľ" → "učiteľka").
Skladanie spája viac slov do jedného ("vodovod", "zemepis", "veľkomesto"). Skracovanie vytvára skratky ako "SR" alebo "OSN".
Preberanie slov z cudzích jazykov nám dáva slová ako "internet", "pizza" či "futbal". Význam slov sa môže aj meniť - rozšíriť ("družica" teraz označuje aj umelú družicu) alebo zúžiť ("zápas" sa dnes používa hlavne pre šport).
💡 Tip: Sleduj, ako vznikajú nové slová v súvislosti s technológiami - to ti pomôže pochopiť živý vývoj jazyka!
Praktické cvičenia na upevnenie
Teraz si vyskúšaj rozlíšiť základné vzťahy! Pri slovách "pekný - krásny" ide o synonymá, "deň - noc" sú antonymá, zatiaľ čo "koruna na hlave - koruna ako mena" sú homonymá.
Slovo "učiteľka" je domáce a vzniklo odvodzovaním z "učiť", zatiaľ čo "internet" je prevzaté slovo z angličtiny - internacionalizmus.
Rozdiel medzi "hlava človeka - hlava rodiny" (polysémia, významy súvisia) a "hlava človeka - hlava kapusty" (homonymia, významy nesúvisia) je kľúčový pre testy!
💡 Tip: Tréning na príkladoch ti pomôže automaticky rozoznávať tieto vzťahy počas skúšania!
Čo si určite zapamätaj na test
Lexikológia skúma slovnú zásobu, ktorá sa delí na domáce a prevzaté slová. Domáce vznikli v slovenčine, prevzaté prišli z iných jazykov a môžu byť zdomácnené, internacionalizmy, archaizmy, historizmy alebo neologizmy.
Slová môžu byť jednovýznamové alebo viacvýznamové (polysémia). Význam sa prenáša metaforou (podobnosť) alebo metonymiou (súvislosť). Synonymá majú podobný význam, antonymá opačný, homonymá rovnakú formu ale iný význam.
Slovná zásoba sa obohacuje tvorením nových slov (odvodzovanie, skladanie, skracovanie), preberaním z cudzích jazykov a zmenou významu existujúcich slov.
💡 Tip: Najčastejšou chybou na testoch je zamieňanie polysémie s homonymiou - zapamätaj si, že pri polysémii významy súvisia!
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Where can I download the Knowunity app?
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Lexikológia – Pochopenie slovnej zásoby a jej významu
Lexikológia je vlastne štúdium všetkých slov v slovenčine - odkiaľ pochádzajú, ako sa ich významy menia a ako spolu súvisia. Je to ako skúmanie všetkých kúskov puzzle, z ktorých sa skladá naša reč.
Základy lexikológie a slovnej zásoby
Predstav si lexikológiu ako vedu, ktorá skúma všetky slová v slovenčine - je to tvoj sprievodca svetom jazyka! Zaoberá sa tým, odkiaľ slová pochádzajú, čo znamenajú a ako sa používajú.
Slovná zásoba (lexika) je jednoducho súhrn všetkých slov, ktoré v slovenčine existujú. Rozdeľujeme ju na aktívnu (slová, ktoré bežne používaš) a pasívnu (slová, ktorým rozumieš, ale často ich nepoužívaš).
Každé slovo má svoju formu a význam, zatiaľ čo lexéma je základná podoba slova - napríklad "robiť" je lexéma pre "robím", "robíš", "robí". Toto rozlíšenie ti pomôže lepšie chápať štruktúru jazyka.
💡 Tip: Aktívnu slovnú zásobu si rozšíriš čítaním kníh a počúvaním podcastov!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Pôvod slov - odkiaľ naše slová pochádzajú
Nie všetky slová v slovenčine vznikli u nás! Domáce slová ako "dom", "voda" či "matka" vznikli priamo v slovenčine alebo praslovančine a používame ich každý deň.
Prevzaté slová prišli k nám z iných jazykov a môžu byť úplne zdomácnené , čiastočne zdomácnené ("víkend", "manažér") alebo sú to internacionalizmy ("telefón", "demokracia").
Archaizmy sú slová, ktoré sa už bežne nepoužívajú , zatiaľ čo historizmy označujú veci, čo už neexistujú . Neologizmy sú naopak nové slová ako "selfie" či "influencer".
💡 Tip: Keď nevieš, či je slovo domáce alebo prevzaté, skús si predstaviť, či ho používali už naši predkovia!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Význam slova - keď jedno slovo znamená viac vecí
Väčšina slov má len jeden význam (napríklad "kalkulačka"), ale niektoré majú významov viac! Polysémia znamená, že slovo má viacero súvisiacich významov - "koruna" môže byť kráľovská, na strome alebo zubná.
Metafora prenáša význam na základe podobnosti , zatiaľ čo metonymia na základe súvislosti .
Pozor na rozdiel medzi polysémiou a homonymiou! Pri polysémii je jedno slovo s viacerými súvisiacimi významami, pri homonymii sú to rôzne slová, ktoré len náhodou znejú rovnako ("koruna" stromu vs. "koruna" ako mena).
💡 Tip: Keď si neistý, či ide o polysémiu alebo homonymiu, opýtaj sa: "Súvisia tieto významy nejako?" Ak áno, je to polysémia!
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Vzťahy medzi slovami
Slová v slovenčine nie sú izolované - vytvárajú medzi sebou zaujímavé vzťahy! Synonymá majú rovnaký alebo podobný význam a pomáhajú ti vyhnúť sa opakovaniu.
Antonymá sú slová s opačným významom . Synonymický rad je skupina synoným s rôznymi odtieňmi významu - "ísť", "kráčať", "cupitať", "bežať".
Homonymá znejú rovnako, ale majú úplne iný význam - "stopky" (hodinky) vs. "stopky" (rastliny). Môžu byť úplné (zhodujú sa vo všetkých tvaroch) alebo čiastočné (len v niektorých tvaroch).
💡 Tip: Synonymá používaj pre obohatenie prejavu, ale pozor - nie vždy sú zameniteľné v každom kontexte!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
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Ako sa slovná zásoba obohacuje
Slovenčina sa stále vyvíja a získava nové slová rôznymi spôsobmi! Odvodzovanie vytvára nové slová pridaním predpôn a prípon ("učiť" → "učiteľ" → "učiteľka").
Skladanie spája viac slov do jedného ("vodovod", "zemepis", "veľkomesto"). Skracovanie vytvára skratky ako "SR" alebo "OSN".
Preberanie slov z cudzích jazykov nám dáva slová ako "internet", "pizza" či "futbal". Význam slov sa môže aj meniť - rozšíriť ("družica" teraz označuje aj umelú družicu) alebo zúžiť ("zápas" sa dnes používa hlavne pre šport).
💡 Tip: Sleduj, ako vznikajú nové slová v súvislosti s technológiami - to ti pomôže pochopiť živý vývoj jazyka!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
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Praktické cvičenia na upevnenie
Teraz si vyskúšaj rozlíšiť základné vzťahy! Pri slovách "pekný - krásny" ide o synonymá, "deň - noc" sú antonymá, zatiaľ čo "koruna na hlave - koruna ako mena" sú homonymá.
Slovo "učiteľka" je domáce a vzniklo odvodzovaním z "učiť", zatiaľ čo "internet" je prevzaté slovo z angličtiny - internacionalizmus.
Rozdiel medzi "hlava človeka - hlava rodiny" (polysémia, významy súvisia) a "hlava človeka - hlava kapusty" (homonymia, významy nesúvisia) je kľúčový pre testy!
💡 Tip: Tréning na príkladoch ti pomôže automaticky rozoznávať tieto vzťahy počas skúšania!
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Čo si určite zapamätaj na test
Lexikológia skúma slovnú zásobu, ktorá sa delí na domáce a prevzaté slová. Domáce vznikli v slovenčine, prevzaté prišli z iných jazykov a môžu byť zdomácnené, internacionalizmy, archaizmy, historizmy alebo neologizmy.
Slová môžu byť jednovýznamové alebo viacvýznamové (polysémia). Význam sa prenáša metaforou (podobnosť) alebo metonymiou (súvislosť). Synonymá majú podobný význam, antonymá opačný, homonymá rovnakú formu ale iný význam.
Slovná zásoba sa obohacuje tvorením nových slov (odvodzovanie, skladanie, skracovanie), preberaním z cudzích jazykov a zmenou významu existujúcich slov.
💡 Tip: Najčastejšou chybou na testoch je zamieňanie polysémie s homonymiou - zapamätaj si, že pri polysémii významy súvisia!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user