Slovná zásoba slovenčiny sa neustále mení a rastie – každý... Show more
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Updated May 2, 2026
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Lexikológia a slovotvorba: Základné spôsoby obohacovania slovenského jazyka
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Čo je lexikológia a prečo ťa má zaujímať
Lexikológia znie možno strašidelne, ale v skutočnosti ti pomáha pochopiť, ako funguje náš jazyk každý deň. Je to časť jazykovedy, ktorá sa zaoberá slovnou zásobou – všetkými slovami, ktoré používame.
Tvoja slovná zásoba má dva levely. Aktívna obsahuje slová, ktoré bežne používaš v reči a písaní – tie ti napadnú okamžite. Pasívna sú slová, ktorým rozumieš, keď ich počuješ, ale sám ich často nepoužívaš.
Obohacovanie slovnej zásoby znamená, že do jazyka pribúdajú nové slová alebo sa mení význam starých. Toto je živý proces – slovenčina sa vyvíja každý deň! Keď pochopíš, jak to funguje, ľahšie sa ti bude učiť a bohatšie sa budeš vedieť vyjadrovať.
💡 Tip: Všimni si, koľko nových slov si sa naučil len za posledný rok – od nových technológií až po slang na sociálnych sieťach!
Štyri hlavné spôsoby, ako vznikajú nové slová
Slovotvorba je najčastejší spôsob obohacovania. Má tri typy: odvodzovanie , skladanie (spájaš celé slová) a skracovanie (vytváraš skratky). Napríklad: učiť → učiteľ, voda + pád → vodopád, Slovenská republika → SR.
Preberanie cudzích slov je úplně prirodzené. Keď sa objaví nová technológia alebo trend, často prevezmeme aj názov. Internet, futbal, pizza, manažér – všetky tieto slová sme si "požičali" z iných jazykov.
Zmena významu sa deje postupne. Slovo myš kedysi označovalo len zviera, dnes aj počítačovú myš. Koruna bola len kráľovská, teraz je aj naša mena.
💡 Zaujímavosť: Najviac nových slov preberáme z angličtiny, ale vo vedeckých termínoch dominuje latinčina a gréčtina!
Frazeologizmy – keď slová dostanú nový význam spolu
Frazeologizmy sú ako malé príbehy v jednej vete. Sú to ustálené slovné spojenia s preneseným významom, ktorý sa nedá pochopiť z jednotlivých slov. "Mať maslo na hlave" neznamená, že máš na hlave naozaj maslo!
Tieto výrazy sú ustálené – nemôžeš v nich meniť slová. Nemôžeš povedať "mať maslo na čele" namiesto "na hlave", lebo by to stratilo zmysel. Frazeologizmy robia tvoju reč farebnejšou a výstižnejšou.
Príklady, ktoré určite poznáš: "hádzať hrach na stenu" (zbytočne niekomu radiť), "byť v siedmom nebi" (byť veľmi šťastný), "mať za ušami" (byť chytrý).
Slovotvorba funguje podľa jasných pravidiel. Pri odvodzovaní meníš slovo predponami alebo príponami, pri skladaní spájaš dve celé slová, často so spojovacou samohláskou.
💡 Pozor: Nezamieňaj si odvodzovanie a skladanie – to je častá chyba v testoch!
Praktické príklady a precvičovanie
Pozrime si odvodzovanie na slove "kniha". Pridáš príponu -ár a máš knihár, pridáš -ovňa a vznikne knižnica, s príponou -ný dostaneš knižný. Každá predpona či prípona mení význam slova.
Skladanie je jednoduchšie. Vezmeš voda + pád, urobíš vod-o-pád → vodopád. Spojovacia samohláska pomáha slovám lepšie znieť. Nie vždy ju potrebuješ – auto + cesta → autocesta funguje bez nej.
Skracovanie vidíš všade okolo seba. SR, km, TV, PC – všetky vznikli zo skracovania dlhších výrazov. Niekedy vzniknú aj nové slová ako "slovnaft" z "Slovenské naftové závody".
Frazeologizmy si precvič takto: predstav si obraz, premysli si súvislosť a odhaľ skrytý význam. "Hádzať hrach na stenu" – hrach sa odrazí, nič sa nestane, je to zbytočné.
💡 Tip na učenie: Čítaj knihy! Je to najlepší spôsob, ako si prirodzene obohatiť slovnú zásobu.
Čo si zapamätať na test
Na skúške musíš vedieť štyri hlavné spôsoby obohacovania slovnej zásoby: slovotvorba, preberanie cudzích slov, zmena významu a frazeologizmy. Slovotvorba má tri typy – odvodzovanie, skladanie a skracovanie.
Rozlišuj medzi odvodzovaním a skladaním – to je najčastejšia chyba. Odvodzovanie používa predpony a prípony, skladanie spája celé slová. Frazeologizmy sú ustálené a majú prenesený význam.
Pamätaj si rozdiel medzi aktívnou a pasívnou slovnou zásobou. Snaž sa aktívnu rozširovať – používaj nové slová, ktoré sa naučíš. Cudzie slová sú normálne, len si dávaj pozor na správny pravopis.
Frazeologizmy nesmieš meniť – sú ustálené! Ak v nich vymeníš slovo, stratia zmysel alebo budú znieť divne. Ich význam je vždy prenesený, nie doslovný.
💡 Záverečná rada: Všímaj si nové slová okolo seba – v médiách, na internete, v rozhovorech. Slovenčina žije a neustále sa mení!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Slovenský jazyk
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Lexikológia a slovotvorba: Základné spôsoby obohacovania slovenského jazyka
Slovná zásoba slovenčiny sa neustále mení a rastie – každý deň vznikajú nové slová a výrazy. Lexikológia ti ukáže, ako tento proces funguje a prečo je dôležitý pre tvoje štúdium i bežnú komunikáciu.
Čo je lexikológia a prečo ťa má zaujímať
Lexikológia znie možno strašidelne, ale v skutočnosti ti pomáha pochopiť, ako funguje náš jazyk každý deň. Je to časť jazykovedy, ktorá sa zaoberá slovnou zásobou – všetkými slovami, ktoré používame.
Tvoja slovná zásoba má dva levely. Aktívna obsahuje slová, ktoré bežne používaš v reči a písaní – tie ti napadnú okamžite. Pasívna sú slová, ktorým rozumieš, keď ich počuješ, ale sám ich často nepoužívaš.
Obohacovanie slovnej zásoby znamená, že do jazyka pribúdajú nové slová alebo sa mení význam starých. Toto je živý proces – slovenčina sa vyvíja každý deň! Keď pochopíš, jak to funguje, ľahšie sa ti bude učiť a bohatšie sa budeš vedieť vyjadrovať.
💡 Tip: Všimni si, koľko nových slov si sa naučil len za posledný rok – od nových technológií až po slang na sociálnych sieťach!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Štyri hlavné spôsoby, ako vznikajú nové slová
Slovotvorba je najčastejší spôsob obohacovania. Má tri typy: odvodzovanie , skladanie (spájaš celé slová) a skracovanie (vytváraš skratky). Napríklad: učiť → učiteľ, voda + pád → vodopád, Slovenská republika → SR.
Preberanie cudzích slov je úplně prirodzené. Keď sa objaví nová technológia alebo trend, často prevezmeme aj názov. Internet, futbal, pizza, manažér – všetky tieto slová sme si "požičali" z iných jazykov.
Zmena významu sa deje postupne. Slovo myš kedysi označovalo len zviera, dnes aj počítačovú myš. Koruna bola len kráľovská, teraz je aj naša mena.
💡 Zaujímavosť: Najviac nových slov preberáme z angličtiny, ale vo vedeckých termínoch dominuje latinčina a gréčtina!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Frazeologizmy – keď slová dostanú nový význam spolu
Frazeologizmy sú ako malé príbehy v jednej vete. Sú to ustálené slovné spojenia s preneseným významom, ktorý sa nedá pochopiť z jednotlivých slov. "Mať maslo na hlave" neznamená, že máš na hlave naozaj maslo!
Tieto výrazy sú ustálené – nemôžeš v nich meniť slová. Nemôžeš povedať "mať maslo na čele" namiesto "na hlave", lebo by to stratilo zmysel. Frazeologizmy robia tvoju reč farebnejšou a výstižnejšou.
Príklady, ktoré určite poznáš: "hádzať hrach na stenu" (zbytočne niekomu radiť), "byť v siedmom nebi" (byť veľmi šťastný), "mať za ušami" (byť chytrý).
Slovotvorba funguje podľa jasných pravidiel. Pri odvodzovaní meníš slovo predponami alebo príponami, pri skladaní spájaš dve celé slová, často so spojovacou samohláskou.
💡 Pozor: Nezamieňaj si odvodzovanie a skladanie – to je častá chyba v testoch!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktické príklady a precvičovanie
Pozrime si odvodzovanie na slove "kniha". Pridáš príponu -ár a máš knihár, pridáš -ovňa a vznikne knižnica, s príponou -ný dostaneš knižný. Každá predpona či prípona mení význam slova.
Skladanie je jednoduchšie. Vezmeš voda + pád, urobíš vod-o-pád → vodopád. Spojovacia samohláska pomáha slovám lepšie znieť. Nie vždy ju potrebuješ – auto + cesta → autocesta funguje bez nej.
Skracovanie vidíš všade okolo seba. SR, km, TV, PC – všetky vznikli zo skracovania dlhších výrazov. Niekedy vzniknú aj nové slová ako "slovnaft" z "Slovenské naftové závody".
Frazeologizmy si precvič takto: predstav si obraz, premysli si súvislosť a odhaľ skrytý význam. "Hádzať hrach na stenu" – hrach sa odrazí, nič sa nestane, je to zbytočné.
💡 Tip na učenie: Čítaj knihy! Je to najlepší spôsob, ako si prirodzene obohatiť slovnú zásobu.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Čo si zapamätať na test
Na skúške musíš vedieť štyri hlavné spôsoby obohacovania slovnej zásoby: slovotvorba, preberanie cudzích slov, zmena významu a frazeologizmy. Slovotvorba má tri typy – odvodzovanie, skladanie a skracovanie.
Rozlišuj medzi odvodzovaním a skladaním – to je najčastejšia chyba. Odvodzovanie používa predpony a prípony, skladanie spája celé slová. Frazeologizmy sú ustálené a majú prenesený význam.
Pamätaj si rozdiel medzi aktívnou a pasívnou slovnou zásobou. Snaž sa aktívnu rozširovať – používaj nové slová, ktoré sa naučíš. Cudzie slová sú normálne, len si dávaj pozor na správny pravopis.
Frazeologizmy nesmieš meniť – sú ustálené! Ak v nich vymeníš slovo, stratia zmysel alebo budú znieť divne. Ich význam je vždy prenesený, nie doslovný.
💡 Záverečná rada: Všímaj si nové slová okolo seba – v médiách, na internete, v rozhovorech. Slovenčina žije a neustále sa mení!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Slovenský jazyk
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user