L'évolution de la structure socioprofessionnelle en France depuis 1950 reflète... Show more
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Updated Mar 23, 2026
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L'évolution de la structure socioprofessionnelle en France depuis 1950 reflète... Show more

La salarisation constitue l'une des évolutions majeures de la structure sociale française depuis la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Ce phénomène se traduit par le développement significatif des PCS (Professions et Catégories Socioprofessionnelles) employés, cadres et professions intellectuelles supérieures (CPIS) et professions intermédiaires (PI), au détriment des entrepreneurs individuels.
La tertiarisation des emplois représente une autre transformation fondamentale. Elle se caractérise par l'essor considérable des secteurs de services et des emplois d'employés, tandis que les secteurs primaire et secondaire connaissent un déclin marqué, particulièrement à partir de la fin des années 1970. Ce phénomène, déjà présent avant 1945, s'est nettement accéléré après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Bon à savoir : Bien que la tendance générale soit à la salarisation, on observe un retour des indépendants depuis les années 2000, notamment avec l'émergence de l'économie des plateformes comme Uber.
La féminisation de l'emploi constitue un autre aspect crucial de cette évolution. Elle s'est manifestée par le développement de secteurs d'emploi largement féminisés, phénomène étroitement lié à la tertiarisation. Parallèlement, on constate une hausse de la qualification des travailleurs et des emplois, avec l'expansion des CPIS et des professions intermédiaires.

L'analyse de la société française actuelle par le prisme des classes sociales traditionnelles est de plus en plus contestée. La diminution des distances inter-classes constitue un premier facteur de cette remise en question. Les modes de consommation tendent à s'homogénéiser, tandis qu'on observe un développement numérique de la classe moyenne et un déclin des ouvriers.
Parallèlement, les distances intra-classe sont devenues importantes. La classe moyenne, de plus en plus large, présente une forte hétérogénéité interne. Cette diversification remet en cause la pertinence d'une approche unifiée des classes sociales pour comprendre la structure sociale française.
On constate également une diminution des identifications subjectives au sein des classes populaires et moyennes. Les individus se reconnaissent moins dans ces catégories collectives, ce qui fragilise la notion même de conscience de classe. Ce phénomène s'accompagne d'une multiplication des facteurs d'individualisation.
À retenir : La structuration et la hiérarchisation de l'espace social ne reposent plus uniquement sur les divisions socioprofessionnelles, mais aussi sur d'autres facteurs comme les inégalités d'accès à l'éducation, la diversité au sein de la classe moyenne et l'évolution du sentiment d'appartenance.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
L'évolution de la structure socioprofessionnelle en France depuis 1950 reflète des transformations profondes de notre société. Ces changements se manifestent à travers plusieurs phénomènes majeurs qui ont remodelé le paysage social français, modifiant les rapports de classe et les identités... Show more

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La salarisation constitue l'une des évolutions majeures de la structure sociale française depuis la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Ce phénomène se traduit par le développement significatif des PCS (Professions et Catégories Socioprofessionnelles) employés, cadres et professions intellectuelles supérieures (CPIS) et professions intermédiaires (PI), au détriment des entrepreneurs individuels.
La tertiarisation des emplois représente une autre transformation fondamentale. Elle se caractérise par l'essor considérable des secteurs de services et des emplois d'employés, tandis que les secteurs primaire et secondaire connaissent un déclin marqué, particulièrement à partir de la fin des années 1970. Ce phénomène, déjà présent avant 1945, s'est nettement accéléré après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Bon à savoir : Bien que la tendance générale soit à la salarisation, on observe un retour des indépendants depuis les années 2000, notamment avec l'émergence de l'économie des plateformes comme Uber.
La féminisation de l'emploi constitue un autre aspect crucial de cette évolution. Elle s'est manifestée par le développement de secteurs d'emploi largement féminisés, phénomène étroitement lié à la tertiarisation. Parallèlement, on constate une hausse de la qualification des travailleurs et des emplois, avec l'expansion des CPIS et des professions intermédiaires.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
L'analyse de la société française actuelle par le prisme des classes sociales traditionnelles est de plus en plus contestée. La diminution des distances inter-classes constitue un premier facteur de cette remise en question. Les modes de consommation tendent à s'homogénéiser, tandis qu'on observe un développement numérique de la classe moyenne et un déclin des ouvriers.
Parallèlement, les distances intra-classe sont devenues importantes. La classe moyenne, de plus en plus large, présente une forte hétérogénéité interne. Cette diversification remet en cause la pertinence d'une approche unifiée des classes sociales pour comprendre la structure sociale française.
On constate également une diminution des identifications subjectives au sein des classes populaires et moyennes. Les individus se reconnaissent moins dans ces catégories collectives, ce qui fragilise la notion même de conscience de classe. Ce phénomène s'accompagne d'une multiplication des facteurs d'individualisation.
À retenir : La structuration et la hiérarchisation de l'espace social ne reposent plus uniquement sur les divisions socioprofessionnelles, mais aussi sur d'autres facteurs comme les inégalités d'accès à l'éducation, la diversité au sein de la classe moyenne et l'évolution du sentiment d'appartenance.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
44
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explorez les mutations récentes du travail et de l'emploi dans le cadre des Sciences Économiques et Sociales. Ce chapitre aborde les impacts du numérique, les nouvelles formes d'organisation du travail, la précarité de l'emploi, et les enjeux liés à la sécurité économique. Idéal pour les étudiants de terminale, ce contenu met en lumière les défis contemporains du marché du travail et les politiques d'emploi.
Explorez les effets du progrès technique sur l'emploi et les inégalités de revenus. Cette carte mentale analyse comment le progrès technique influence la création et la destruction d'emplois, ainsi que son lien avec la mondialisation et les qualifications professionnelles. Idéal pour comprendre les dynamiques du marché du travail et les politiques d'emploi.
Explorez les facteurs de production, le progrès technologique et leurs impacts sur la croissance économique et les inégalités. Ce résumé aborde les défis contemporains tels que la destruction créatrice, la polarisation des emplois et les enjeux environnementaux liés à l'innovation. Type: résumé de chapitre.
Explorez les mutations du travail et de l'emploi à travers les concepts clés tels que la distinction entre travail, activité, emploi et chômage, ainsi que l'impact des nouvelles formes d'emploi et des technologies numériques. Cette fiche de révision aborde également la qualité de l'emploi et son rôle dans l'intégration sociale, essentielle pour les étudiants en Sciences Économiques et Sociales (SES).
Explorez les transformations récentes du monde du travail, y compris l'impact du numérique, les formes atypiques d'emploi, et la qualité de l'emploi. Ce résumé aborde les enjeux de l'employabilité, la sécurité économique, et les évolutions des modèles de travail, tels que le taylorisme et le toyotisme. Idéal pour les étudiants en sciences économiques et sociales.
Analyse des impacts du numérique sur la polarisation des emplois. Ce document explore comment la transition numérique modifie la structure de l'emploi, accentuant les extrêmes tout en réduisant les postes intermédiaires. Idéal pour les étudiants en économie et sociologie, ce résumé met en lumière les enjeux liés aux qualifications et à l'automatisation. Type : résumé analytique.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user