The Logical Problem of Evil in Theism
The logical problem of evil in theism presents a significant challenge to religious belief, particularly in theistic religions that posit an omnipotent, omnibenevolent, and omniscient God. This philosophical dilemma questions how such a God can coexist with the presence of evil and suffering in the world.
Definition: Evil is divided into two categories:
- Moral evil: resulting from the free actions of humans
- Natural evil: arising from natural phenomena beyond human control
The consequence of evil is suffering, with innocent suffering being particularly challenging for believers. This leads to questions about why God would allow innocent people to suffer.
Highlight: The Bible suggests that there comes a point where believers must let go of intellectual questioning about evil and suffering and accept God's love.
Historical Context
The logical problem of evil in theism was first articulated by Epicurus in the 3rd century. To resolve this inconsistency, one of three aspects must be reconsidered:
- God's omnipotence
- God's omnibenevolence
- The existence or nature of evil
Example: Process theology suggests that God may not be omnipotent and cannot control evil.
Evidential Problem of Evil
The evidential problem of evil focuses on the observable impact of evil, particularly:
- The quantity of suffering
- The suffering of innocent people
- Natural disasters affecting thousands
- Moral evil causing unthinkable acts
- Suffering in nature, such as animals killing for survival
Quote: "Natural disasters can displace, injure or kill many thousands of people at a time."
This evidence challenges the belief in an all-knowing and all-loving God, prompting believers to question why such suffering is allowed to occur.
