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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
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Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
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2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
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Religious Studies
10 Dec 2025
290
3 pages
K @ka7ja
Ethical naturalismexplores moral objectivism through natural properties, examining how cognitive and non-cognitive approaches shape our understanding of... Show more
The second page delves deeper into philosophical perspectives on natural morality, exploring various interpretations of goodness and moral truth.
Vocabulary Eudaemonia refers to human flourishing or well-being as the highest good in ethical philosophy.
Example Kropotkin's refusal to photograph indigenous people while they slept demonstrates practical application of moral principles.
Definition Intellectual Ethics involves taught qualities, while Moral Virtue develops through habit and experience.
Quote "We become just by doing just acts" - Aristotle's perspective on moral development.
The third page examines the Naturalism strengths and weaknesses in ethics, providing a comprehensive analysis of its practical implications.
Highlight Naturalism provides a scientific approach to morality, allowing for rational discussion and verification of moral claims.
Definition The Naturalistic Fallacy refers to the error of defining good solely in terms of natural properties.
Example Reducing complex moral concepts like "good" and "evil" to simple psychological states of pleasure and pain demonstrates a key weakness.
Vocabulary Moral objectivism refers to the view that moral truths exist independently of what people believe or feel.
The first page introduces fundamental concepts in ethical philosophy, particularly focusing on cognitive and non-cognitive approaches to moral statements. Ethical naturalism and moral objectivism emerge as key frameworks for understanding moral truth.
Definition Cognitive approach views moral statements as capable of being true or false, while non-cognitive approach considers ethical statements as subjective expressions.
Example Happiness as a natural quality can be measured and compared across situations, making it a basis for moral judgment.
Highlight Ethical naturalists maintain that moral truths are absolute facts discoverable in the natural world, similar to scientific facts.
Quote "Everything arises from natural properties and causes" - Bradley's fundamental assertion about moral properties.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key concepts of Natural Moral Law, including its foundations in Aquinas' philosophy, the Four Tiers of Law, and the Doctrine of Double Effect. This summary provides a comprehensive overview for A-Level Philosophy and Ethics students, highlighting strengths, criticisms, and the role of reason in moral decision-making.
Religious StudiesExplore the inadequacies of Natural Moral Law as an ethical theory in this detailed essay. Analyze Aquinas' arguments, criticisms from Hume and Moore, and the implications of divine command theory. This essay provides a comprehensive examination of moral philosophy, focusing on the relevance of natural law in contemporary ethical discussions.
Religious StudiesExplore Aquinas' Four Tiers of Law, including Eternal, Divine, Natural, and Human Law. This summary delves into the strengths and weaknesses of Natural Law, its connection to moral reasoning, and Aristotle's concept of telos. Ideal for students of moral philosophy and ethics, this resource provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts and their implications for understanding human purpose and law.
Religious StudiesExplore the principles of Situation Ethics, a moral framework that prioritizes love and context over rigid rules. This summary covers key concepts such as antinomianism, legalism, and the strengths and weaknesses of Fletcher's approach to moral decision-making. Ideal for A-Level students studying ethical theories, including discussions on abortion and euthanasia.
Religious StudiesExplore key ethical theories including Situation Ethics, Utilitarianism, and the principles of John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. This presentation delves into the application of these theories to contemporary issues such as relationships, animal testing, and nuclear deterrence, emphasizing the balance between individual freedom and societal norms. Ideal for WJEC Ethics students seeking a comprehensive understanding of ethical frameworks.
Religious StudiesExplore the intricate debates surrounding free will, determinism, and predestination in ethics. This study note delves into key philosophical perspectives from St. Augustine and Jean-Paul Sartre, examining the implications of moral agency, divine grace, and the problem of evil. Ideal for WJEC Ethics students seeking to understand the complexities of human freedom and moral responsibility.
Religious StudiesApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
K
@ka7ja
Ethical naturalism explores moral objectivism through natural properties, examining how cognitive and non-cognitive approaches shape our understanding of moral truths and ethical statements.
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The second page delves deeper into philosophical perspectives on natural morality, exploring various interpretations of goodness and moral truth.
Vocabulary: Eudaemonia refers to human flourishing or well-being as the highest good in ethical philosophy.
Example: Kropotkin's refusal to photograph indigenous people while they slept demonstrates practical application of moral principles.
Definition: Intellectual Ethics involves taught qualities, while Moral Virtue develops through habit and experience.
Quote: "We become just by doing just acts" - Aristotle's perspective on moral development.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The third page examines the Naturalism strengths and weaknesses in ethics, providing a comprehensive analysis of its practical implications.
Highlight: Naturalism provides a scientific approach to morality, allowing for rational discussion and verification of moral claims.
Definition: The Naturalistic Fallacy refers to the error of defining good solely in terms of natural properties.
Example: Reducing complex moral concepts like "good" and "evil" to simple psychological states of pleasure and pain demonstrates a key weakness.
Vocabulary: Moral objectivism refers to the view that moral truths exist independently of what people believe or feel.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The first page introduces fundamental concepts in ethical philosophy, particularly focusing on cognitive and non-cognitive approaches to moral statements. Ethical naturalism and moral objectivism emerge as key frameworks for understanding moral truth.
Definition: Cognitive approach views moral statements as capable of being true or false, while non-cognitive approach considers ethical statements as subjective expressions.
Example: Happiness as a natural quality can be measured and compared across situations, making it a basis for moral judgment.
Highlight: Ethical naturalists maintain that moral truths are absolute facts discoverable in the natural world, similar to scientific facts.
Quote: "Everything arises from natural properties and causes" - Bradley's fundamental assertion about moral properties.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
10
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key concepts of Natural Moral Law, including its foundations in Aquinas' philosophy, the Four Tiers of Law, and the Doctrine of Double Effect. This summary provides a comprehensive overview for A-Level Philosophy and Ethics students, highlighting strengths, criticisms, and the role of reason in moral decision-making.
Religious StudiesExplore the inadequacies of Natural Moral Law as an ethical theory in this detailed essay. Analyze Aquinas' arguments, criticisms from Hume and Moore, and the implications of divine command theory. This essay provides a comprehensive examination of moral philosophy, focusing on the relevance of natural law in contemporary ethical discussions.
Religious StudiesExplore Aquinas' Four Tiers of Law, including Eternal, Divine, Natural, and Human Law. This summary delves into the strengths and weaknesses of Natural Law, its connection to moral reasoning, and Aristotle's concept of telos. Ideal for students of moral philosophy and ethics, this resource provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts and their implications for understanding human purpose and law.
Religious StudiesExplore the principles of Situation Ethics, a moral framework that prioritizes love and context over rigid rules. This summary covers key concepts such as antinomianism, legalism, and the strengths and weaknesses of Fletcher's approach to moral decision-making. Ideal for A-Level students studying ethical theories, including discussions on abortion and euthanasia.
Religious StudiesExplore key ethical theories including Situation Ethics, Utilitarianism, and the principles of John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. This presentation delves into the application of these theories to contemporary issues such as relationships, animal testing, and nuclear deterrence, emphasizing the balance between individual freedom and societal norms. Ideal for WJEC Ethics students seeking a comprehensive understanding of ethical frameworks.
Religious StudiesExplore the intricate debates surrounding free will, determinism, and predestination in ethics. This study note delves into key philosophical perspectives from St. Augustine and Jean-Paul Sartre, examining the implications of moral agency, divine grace, and the problem of evil. Ideal for WJEC Ethics students seeking to understand the complexities of human freedom and moral responsibility.
Religious StudiesApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology