Vocabulary: Eudaemonia refers to human flourishing or well-being as the highest good in ethical philosophy.

Example: Kropotkin's refusal to photograph indigenous people while they slept demonstrates practical application of moral principles.

Definition: Intellectual Ethics involves taught qualities, while Moral Virtue develops through habit and experience.

Quote: "We become just by doing just acts" - Aristotle's perspective on moral development.

Highlight: Naturalism provides a scientific approach to morality, allowing for rational discussion and verification of moral claims.

Definition: The Naturalistic Fallacy refers to the error of defining good solely in terms of natural properties.

Example: Reducing complex moral concepts like "good" and "evil" to simple psychological states of pleasure and pain demonstrates a key weakness.

Vocabulary: Moral objectivism refers to the view that moral truths exist independently of what people believe or feel.

Definition: Cognitive approach views moral statements as capable of being true or false, while non-cognitive approach considers ethical statements as subjective expressions.

Example: Happiness as a natural quality can be measured and compared across situations, making it a basis for moral judgment.

Highlight: Ethical naturalists maintain that moral truths are absolute facts discoverable in the natural world, similar to scientific facts.

Quote: "Everything arises from natural properties and causes" - Bradley's fundamental assertion about moral properties.