Definition: Categorical Imperatives are absolute moral commands that must be followed regardless of consequences.

Quote: "Good will shines like a precious jewel" - Kant

Highlight: Kant's three formulations provide a systematic approach to ethical decision-making: Universal Law, Persons as Ends, and Kingdom of Ends.

Vocabulary: Hypothetical Imperatives - conditional commands that should be followed to achieve specific outcomes.

Example: The Universal Law formulation requires that we only act in ways that could become universal moral laws applicable to everyone.

Definition: The sanctity of life refers to the inherent and sacred value of human life, often grounded in religious or philosophical beliefs.

Quote: "So God created humankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them" (Genesis)

Example: The acts and omissions doctrine is illustrated through the Smith and Jones case, where both scenarios lead to death but through different means - active drowning versus passive observation.

Highlight: The Hippocratic Oath establishes fundamental medical ethics principles, particularly regarding the physician's role in end-of-life care.

Vocabulary: Euthanasia - derived from Greek meaning "good death," refers to the practice of intentionally ending life to relieve suffering.