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•
22 Jan 2026
•
Modelos Atòmics Explicats
S
Saad Hayyat Parveen
@saadhayyatparveen_fhtw
1 / 5
Los Primeros Pasos: Demócrito y Leucipo
Imagínate vivir hace más de 2.000 años y ser el primero en sugerir que todo está hecho de partículas diminutas. Eso es exactamente lo que hicieron Demócrito y Leucipo en el año 460 a.C.
Estos filósofos griegos fueron los primeros en decir que un átomo es la partícula más pequeña en que se puede dividir un elemento. Incluso fueron ellos quienes inventaron la palabra "átomo", que significa "indivisible".
Sin embargo, sus ideas no fueron populares en su época. La escuela continuista se opuso a sus teorías y durante más de 2.000 años, sus conceptos fueron ignorados. ¡Imagínate tener razón pero que nadie te crea durante milenios!
Dato curioso: La palabra "átomo" viene del griego y significa "que no se puede cortar".
La Teoría de los Cuatro Elementos y Dalton
Durante muchos siglos, la gente creía en la teoría de los cuatro elementos: fuego, aire, tierra y agua. Estos se relacionaban con cuatro cualidades básicas: seco, caliente, frío y húmedo.
Todo cambió en 1766 cuando John Dalton decidió rescatar las ideas de Demócrito y Leucipo. Dalton propuso que la materia está formada por partículas esféricas, diminutas e invisibles llamadas átomos.
Su teoría decía algo revolucionario: todos los átomos del mismo elemento son exactamente iguales en todo. Esto significa que todos los átomos de hierro son idénticos entre sí, pero diferentes a los átomos de oxígeno.
Recuerda: Dalton fue el primero en dar una explicación científica sólida sobre los átomos, no solo filosófica.
Descubriendo el Interior: Thomson y Rutherford
En 1897, Thomson hizo un descubrimiento increíble: los átomos no son sólidos como pelotas de billar. Descubrió que contienen electrones (partículas negativas) distribuidos en una masa de energía positiva, como las pasas en un pudín.
Pero la sorpresa más grande vino en 1911 con Rutherford. Él y su equipo bombardearon una lámina fina de oro con partículas alfa (positivas) y observaron algo asombroso.
La mayoría de las partículas atravesaban la lámina, pero algunas rebotaban. Esto le llevó a una conclusión revolucionaria: los átomos están casi completamente vacíos. El átomo tiene un núcleo central muy pequeño y denso, rodeado de mucho espacio vacío.
Piénsalo así: Si un átomo fuera del tamaño de un estadio de fútbol, el núcleo sería como una pelota de ping-pong en el centro.
Los Modelos Modernos: Bohr y el Modelo Actual
En 1913, Niels Bohr aplicó la teoría cuántica para explicar cómo se comportan los átomos cuando emiten luz. Su idea principal era que la energía del electrón está cuantificada.
Esto significa que los electrones solo pueden ocupar ciertas órbitas o estados estacionarios alrededor del núcleo, cada uno con valores específicos de energía. Es como si solo pudieran "saltar" entre escalones fijos de una escalera.
El modelo actual va aún más lejos. Basado en la ecuación de Schrödinger, usa cuatro números cuánticos para describir completamente un electrón en un átomo. En lugar de órbitas definidas, los electrones forman "nubes de probabilidad" alrededor del núcleo.
Para exámenes: Recuerda que cada modelo científico mejoró el anterior añadiendo nuevos descubrimientos, no rechazándolo completamente.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Modelos Atòmics Explicats
S
Saad Hayyat Parveen
@saadhayyatparveen_fhtw
¿Alguna vez te has preguntado de qué están hechas todas las cosas que te rodean? Los modelos atómicosnos ayudan a entender cómo está formada la materia, desde tu móvil hasta las estrellas. A lo largo de la historia, diferentes... Show more
Los Primeros Pasos: Demócrito y Leucipo
Imagínate vivir hace más de 2.000 años y ser el primero en sugerir que todo está hecho de partículas diminutas. Eso es exactamente lo que hicieron Demócrito y Leucipo en el año 460 a.C.
Estos filósofos griegos fueron los primeros en decir que un átomo es la partícula más pequeña en que se puede dividir un elemento. Incluso fueron ellos quienes inventaron la palabra "átomo", que significa "indivisible".
Sin embargo, sus ideas no fueron populares en su época. La escuela continuista se opuso a sus teorías y durante más de 2.000 años, sus conceptos fueron ignorados. ¡Imagínate tener razón pero que nadie te crea durante milenios!
Dato curioso: La palabra "átomo" viene del griego y significa "que no se puede cortar".
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La Teoría de los Cuatro Elementos y Dalton
Durante muchos siglos, la gente creía en la teoría de los cuatro elementos: fuego, aire, tierra y agua. Estos se relacionaban con cuatro cualidades básicas: seco, caliente, frío y húmedo.
Todo cambió en 1766 cuando John Dalton decidió rescatar las ideas de Demócrito y Leucipo. Dalton propuso que la materia está formada por partículas esféricas, diminutas e invisibles llamadas átomos.
Su teoría decía algo revolucionario: todos los átomos del mismo elemento son exactamente iguales en todo. Esto significa que todos los átomos de hierro son idénticos entre sí, pero diferentes a los átomos de oxígeno.
Recuerda: Dalton fue el primero en dar una explicación científica sólida sobre los átomos, no solo filosófica.
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Descubriendo el Interior: Thomson y Rutherford
En 1897, Thomson hizo un descubrimiento increíble: los átomos no son sólidos como pelotas de billar. Descubrió que contienen electrones (partículas negativas) distribuidos en una masa de energía positiva, como las pasas en un pudín.
Pero la sorpresa más grande vino en 1911 con Rutherford. Él y su equipo bombardearon una lámina fina de oro con partículas alfa (positivas) y observaron algo asombroso.
La mayoría de las partículas atravesaban la lámina, pero algunas rebotaban. Esto le llevó a una conclusión revolucionaria: los átomos están casi completamente vacíos. El átomo tiene un núcleo central muy pequeño y denso, rodeado de mucho espacio vacío.
Piénsalo así: Si un átomo fuera del tamaño de un estadio de fútbol, el núcleo sería como una pelota de ping-pong en el centro.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Los Modelos Modernos: Bohr y el Modelo Actual
En 1913, Niels Bohr aplicó la teoría cuántica para explicar cómo se comportan los átomos cuando emiten luz. Su idea principal era que la energía del electrón está cuantificada.
Esto significa que los electrones solo pueden ocupar ciertas órbitas o estados estacionarios alrededor del núcleo, cada uno con valores específicos de energía. Es como si solo pudieran "saltar" entre escalones fijos de una escalera.
El modelo actual va aún más lejos. Basado en la ecuación de Schrödinger, usa cuatro números cuánticos para describir completamente un electrón en un átomo. En lugar de órbitas definidas, los electrones forman "nubes de probabilidad" alrededor del núcleo.
Para exámenes: Recuerda que cada modelo científico mejoró el anterior añadiendo nuevos descubrimientos, no rechazándolo completamente.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user