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23 Jan 2026
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AQA A-Level Psychology - Localisation of Brain Function (Model Essay 5)
DT
@djt9
Understanding Brain Localisation Theory
Your brain isn't just one big processing unit - it's more like a highly organised office where different departments handle specific tasks. Localisation of function (also called cortical specialisation) suggests that particular brain areas are responsible for particular behaviours and cognitive processes.
Some functions are incredibly precise in their location. The motor cortex in your frontal lobe controls voluntary movement, whilst the visual cortex in your occipital lobe processes what you see. Other functions are more spread out - like language, which uses multiple brain regions working together.
Phineas Gage's famous case perfectly demonstrates this theory. When a metal pole shot through his frontal lobe in 1848, his personality completely changed from calm and reserved to aggressive and impulsive. This shows how the frontal lobe helps regulate mood and behaviour.
Quick Fact: Before localisation theory, scientists believed the holistic theory - that your entire brain worked together for every function. We now know this isn't accurate!
However, Gage's case has limitations. As a single case study, it lacks external validity - his experience might be unique and not represent how brain damage typically affects people.
Research Evidence and Language Areas
Modern neuroimaging research provides much stronger evidence for brain localisation. Petersen's brain scans showed Wernicke's area lighting up during reading tasks, whilst Tulving found that semantic and episodic memories use different parts of the prefrontal cortex. These sophisticated, objective methods give us solid scientific proof.
Aphasia studies offer particularly compelling evidence. People with Broca's aphasia struggle to produce language due to damage in Broca's area, whilst those with Wernicke's aphasia can't understand language properly because of damage to Wernicke's area.
These language studies show something crucial - whilst some brain functions are highly localised, they still work together as part of larger systems. Your language abilities depend on multiple specialised areas communicating effectively.
Remember: Localisation doesn't mean brain areas work in isolation - they're more like instruments in an orchestra, each playing their part in the bigger performance!
This research gives you confidence that brain localisation is real and measurable, helping explain why specific types of brain damage lead to predictable patterns of difficulties.
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
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Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
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Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
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The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
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In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
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very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
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I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
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This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
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AQA A-Level Psychology - Localisation of Brain Function (Model Essay 5)
DT
@djt9
Ever wondered why damage to specific parts of your brain affects certain abilities but not others? Localisation of function is the fascinating theory that different areas of your brain handle different jobs - from moving your muscles to understanding language.
Understanding Brain Localisation Theory
Your brain isn't just one big processing unit - it's more like a highly organised office where different departments handle specific tasks. Localisation of function (also called cortical specialisation) suggests that particular brain areas are responsible for particular behaviours and cognitive processes.
Some functions are incredibly precise in their location. The motor cortex in your frontal lobe controls voluntary movement, whilst the visual cortex in your occipital lobe processes what you see. Other functions are more spread out - like language, which uses multiple brain regions working together.
Phineas Gage's famous case perfectly demonstrates this theory. When a metal pole shot through his frontal lobe in 1848, his personality completely changed from calm and reserved to aggressive and impulsive. This shows how the frontal lobe helps regulate mood and behaviour.
Quick Fact: Before localisation theory, scientists believed the holistic theory - that your entire brain worked together for every function. We now know this isn't accurate!
However, Gage's case has limitations. As a single case study, it lacks external validity - his experience might be unique and not represent how brain damage typically affects people.
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Research Evidence and Language Areas
Modern neuroimaging research provides much stronger evidence for brain localisation. Petersen's brain scans showed Wernicke's area lighting up during reading tasks, whilst Tulving found that semantic and episodic memories use different parts of the prefrontal cortex. These sophisticated, objective methods give us solid scientific proof.
Aphasia studies offer particularly compelling evidence. People with Broca's aphasia struggle to produce language due to damage in Broca's area, whilst those with Wernicke's aphasia can't understand language properly because of damage to Wernicke's area.
These language studies show something crucial - whilst some brain functions are highly localised, they still work together as part of larger systems. Your language abilities depend on multiple specialised areas communicating effectively.
Remember: Localisation doesn't mean brain areas work in isolation - they're more like instruments in an orchestra, each playing their part in the bigger performance!
This research gives you confidence that brain localisation is real and measurable, helping explain why specific types of brain damage lead to predictable patterns of difficulties.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user