Methods Used by Pressure Groups

This section details the various methods pressure groups employ to influence government policy in the UK.

Influencing Government: Insider groups directly engage with ministers and civil servants through consultations and face-to-face meetings. This approach allows them to have a more direct impact on policy formation.

Influencing Parliament: Pressure groups lobby MPs to sway their votes on government bills and may encourage the introduction of private members' bills. They can also appear before backbench committees, whose reports are taken seriously by the government and often reported in the media.

Highlight: Pressure groups influence on Parliament is significant, as they can affect legislation at various stages of development.

Influencing Political Parties: Some pressure groups have long-standing relationships with political parties. For example, trade unions have been an integral part of the Labour Party since its formation.

Example: The close relationship between unions and the Labour Party demonstrates how insider pressure groups examples UK can have a direct line to policy-making through party affiliations.

The document emphasizes that pressure groups use a combination of these methods to maximize their influence on government policy and public opinion.

Successful Pressure Groups UK: Case Studies

This section provides in-depth case studies of two prominent pressure groups in the UK: the British Medical Association (BMA) and Greenpeace, highlighting their methods and successes.

British Medical Association (BMA):

The BMA, as an insider group, has achieved significant successes in influencing UK health policy.

Highlight: BMA pressure group successes include leading public debates on healthcare, successfully campaigning for a sugar tax on fizzy drinks in 2018, and achieving a smoking ban in 2007.

Methods used by the BMA include:

• Briefing MPs on health policy
• Meeting with ministers
• Responding to consultations
• Organizing strikes (e.g., the junior doctors' strike in 2016)

Example: The BMA's campaign for a smoking ban, which succeeded in 2007, demonstrates how pressure groups examples can lead to significant legislative changes.

However, the BMA has also faced challenges:

• Cancelled plans for a second junior doctors' strike in September 2016
• Failed to prevent the imposition of new contracts on junior doctors in October 2016

Greenpeace:

As an outsider group, Greenpeace employs different tactics to influence policy.

Highlight: Greenpeace successes and failures show a mixed record of influencing environmental policy in the UK.

Methods used by Greenpeace include:

• Direct action (e.g., shutting down a coal-fired power station in 2007)
• Patrolling seas to challenge nuclear testers and illegal fishers
• Producing detailed reports to influence governments and the public
• Lobbying the UK government and Parliament

Successes:

• Influencing government attitudes towards carbon emissions
• Successfully campaigning for a ban on microbeads in 2017

Challenges:

• Government environmental policies still fall short of activists' expectations
• Some methods have been criticized for alienating the public and government
• Failed to prevent Cairn Energy from drilling for gas off the coast of Greenland

Example: Greenpeace's campaign against microbeads, which led to a government ban in 2017, illustrates how outsider pressure groups UK can achieve policy changes through persistent campaigning.

This section provides valuable insights into the methods and successes of BMA and Greenpeace in UK 2021, showcasing how different types of pressure groups can influence government policy through various means.

Methods of Influence Within the System

This section examines how pressure groups influence Parliament through various institutional channels.

Vocabulary: Lobbying refers to the process of attempting to influence legislators on specific issues.

Highlight: Pressure groups can influence policy through:

• Direct ministerial consultation
• MP lobbying
• Committee appearances
• House of Lords engagement

Factors Affecting Pressure Group Success

This section analyzes key elements that determine the effectiveness of pressure group campaigns.

Highlight: Public support is crucial for pressure group success, as demonstrated by the Snowdrop Campaign's successful push for handgun ownership restrictions.

Example: Celebrity endorsements and media relationships can significantly boost a pressure group's influence.