Forces and motion are everywhere around you - from dropping...
Physics88 views·Updated 2 Jul 2026·2 pagesAQA Physics P10: Understanding Forces and Motion
paige @paige_yuqp
1
of 2
Key Physics Laws and Definitions
Ever wonder why your weight changes on different planets but your mass stays the same? Weight is the force gravity puts on you (measured in Newtons), whilst mass is simply how much matter you contain (measured in kg). On Earth, gravity pulls at 9.8 N/kg (we often round this to 10 for easier calculations).
Newton's second law gives us the essential equation: Force = mass × acceleration. This means heavier objects need more force to accelerate them. When objects reach terminal velocity (like a skydiver), they stop accelerating because air resistance equals their weight - the forces balance out perfectly.
Hooke's Law explains how springs work: the extension is directly proportional to the force applied (until it breaks). Simply put, double the force and you'll double the stretch. The equation is: Force = spring constant × extension.
Key insight: The law of conservation of momentum states that in a closed system, total momentum before an event equals total momentum after - this explains everything from snooker balls to car crashes!
2
of 2
Motion, Safety, and Stopping Distances
Your car doesn't stop instantly when you hit the brakes - there's science behind this! Stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance. Thinking distance is how far you travel whilst your brain processes the need to stop, whilst braking distance is the distance needed for the brakes to actually stop the car.
Several factors affect these distances: your reaction time (slower with alcohol, drugs, or distractions), your speed, road conditions (ice makes everything worse), and your vehicle's condition. Inertia explains why moving objects want to keep moving - it's an object's tendency to maintain its current state of motion.
Impact forces during crashes depend on mass, velocity change, and crucially, impact time. Car safety features work by increasing the time it takes to stop during a crash. Longer stopping time means less deceleration, which means less force on your body.
Remember: Force = change in momentum ÷ time. This is why crumple zones and airbags save lives - they increase impact time, reducing the devastating forces on passengers.
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Physics88 views·Updated 2 Jul 2026·2 pagesAQA Physics P10: Understanding Forces and Motion
paige @paige_yuqp
Forces and motion are everywhere around you - from dropping your phone to riding in a car. Understanding how objects move, stop, and interact with each other is crucial for your physics GCSE and helps explain the world around you.
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Key Physics Laws and Definitions
Ever wonder why your weight changes on different planets but your mass stays the same? Weight is the force gravity puts on you (measured in Newtons), whilst mass is simply how much matter you contain (measured in kg). On Earth, gravity pulls at 9.8 N/kg (we often round this to 10 for easier calculations).
Newton's second law gives us the essential equation: Force = mass × acceleration. This means heavier objects need more force to accelerate them. When objects reach terminal velocity (like a skydiver), they stop accelerating because air resistance equals their weight - the forces balance out perfectly.
Hooke's Law explains how springs work: the extension is directly proportional to the force applied (until it breaks). Simply put, double the force and you'll double the stretch. The equation is: Force = spring constant × extension.
Key insight: The law of conservation of momentum states that in a closed system, total momentum before an event equals total momentum after - this explains everything from snooker balls to car crashes!
2
of 2Sign up to see the content. It's free!
- Access to all documents
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Motion, Safety, and Stopping Distances
Your car doesn't stop instantly when you hit the brakes - there's science behind this! Stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance. Thinking distance is how far you travel whilst your brain processes the need to stop, whilst braking distance is the distance needed for the brakes to actually stop the car.
Several factors affect these distances: your reaction time (slower with alcohol, drugs, or distractions), your speed, road conditions (ice makes everything worse), and your vehicle's condition. Inertia explains why moving objects want to keep moving - it's an object's tendency to maintain its current state of motion.
Impact forces during crashes depend on mass, velocity change, and crucially, impact time. Car safety features work by increasing the time it takes to stop during a crash. Longer stopping time means less deceleration, which means less force on your body.
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