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Energy transfers (a2 only)
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The fight for female suffrage
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
The cold war
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
Inter-war germany
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war one
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
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Nikolay
@nikolay
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Thermal Physics: A Comprehensive Guide to A-Level Concepts and Calculations
This guide covers key concepts in thermal physics A level AQA, including specific heat capacity, latent heat, and the kinetic theory of gases. It provides detailed explanations, formulas, and practical examples to help students master thermal physics equations A level.
02/07/2022
308
This page provides a detailed derivation of the kinetic gas equation, connecting the macroscopic properties of gases to the microscopic behavior of particles.
Definition: The root mean square (RMS) speed is the square root of the mean of the squared velocities of all particles in a gas.
The page covers:
Example: The derivation shows how the pressure exerted by gas particles on a container wall is related to their mass, velocity, and frequency of collisions.
Highlight: The final form of the kinetic gas equation, PV = 1/3 NmC_RMS^2, emerges from considering the average behavior of many particles in three dimensions.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_1.webp&w=828&q=75)
This page introduces the First Law of Thermodynamics and explores the properties of ideal gases. It also covers experimental methods for measuring specific latent heat.
Definition: The First Law of Thermodynamics states that Q = ΔU + W, where Q is heat added to the system, ΔU is the change in internal energy, and W is work done by the system.
The page covers:
Example: A practical setup for measuring specific latent heat of vaporization is described, using an electric heater and a balance to measure mass loss.
Highlight: The ideal gas model assumes molecules are far apart and have negligible intermolecular forces except during collisions.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_2.webp&w=828&q=75)
This page introduces the fundamental equation Q = mcΔT for calculating heat energy transfer and temperature changes. It explains the concept of specific heat capacity and its application in various scenarios.
Definition: Specific heat capacity is the energy required to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K or 1°C.
The page covers:
Example: Water has a specific heat capacity of 4200 J/kg/K, while copper has 390 J/kg/K, illustrating why water requires more energy to heat up.
Highlight: The concept of heat capacity (not specific) is introduced, which is the energy required to change the temperature of an entire object by 1 K or 1°C.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_3.webp&w=828&q=75)
Thermal Physics A Level covers essential concepts for understanding heat transfer, energy changes, and gas behavior.
Key points include:
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_4.webp&w=828&q=75)
This page expands on the ideal gas laws and introduces the kinetic theory of gases. It covers the relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature for ideal gases.
Vocabulary: The mole is a unit of measurement equal to 6.022 x 10^23 particles (Avogadro's number).
The page covers:
Example: The root mean square (RMS) speed of gas molecules is introduced as a key concept in the kinetic gas equation.
Highlight: The kinetic gas equation PV = 1/3 NmC_RMS^2 relates macroscopic properties of gases to the microscopic motion of particles.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_5.webp&w=828&q=75)
This page delves into the concept of specific latent heat and its relationship to phase changes. It also introduces the idea of internal energy in thermodynamic systems.
Vocabulary: Specific latent heat is the energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature.
The page covers:
Example: The process of cooling by evaporation is explained, showing how faster molecules escape from a liquid, lowering the average kinetic energy and thus the temperature of the remaining liquid.
Highlight: Internal energy is defined as the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all particles in a system.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_6.webp&w=828&q=75)
11
261
12/13
AQA A Level Physics 2 Particle Physics
Revision notes covering particle physics and completed exam practise questions.
179
2078
12/13
The WHOLE of A Level Physics AQA(relevant for other boards)
These are the notes that I made for my 2023 A-level physics exams, Here is the link to the notion if you want to use them as I did by using the drop-down menus kind of like flashcards: https://www.notion.so/Physics-Revision-AQA-A-Level-a87264d9f28c4302b
7
189
12/13
Nuclear Radiation Notes
notes I took for revision. sums up all content in the chapter
13
386
12/13
Particles & Radiation A level Physics AQA
Revision Notes for AQA Particles & Radiation A level Physics (for year 12 & year 13)
7
246
12
Particle Physics notes A/S PHYSICS UNIT 1
these are my physics revision notes for particle physics. all information confirmed correct from lecturer. no misinformation.
Average app rating
Pupils love Knowunity
In education app charts in 11 countries
Students have uploaded notes
iOS User
Philip, iOS User
Lena, iOS user
Average app rating
Pupils love Knowunity
In education app charts in 11 countries
Students have uploaded notes
iOS User
Philip, iOS User
Lena, iOS user
Nikolay
@nikolay
·
138 Followers
Follow
Thermal Physics: A Comprehensive Guide to A-Level Concepts and Calculations
This guide covers key concepts in thermal physics A level AQA, including specific heat capacity, latent heat, and the kinetic theory of gases. It provides detailed explanations, formulas, and practical examples to help students master thermal physics equations A level.
02/07/2022
308
This page provides a detailed derivation of the kinetic gas equation, connecting the macroscopic properties of gases to the microscopic behavior of particles.
Definition: The root mean square (RMS) speed is the square root of the mean of the squared velocities of all particles in a gas.
The page covers:
Example: The derivation shows how the pressure exerted by gas particles on a container wall is related to their mass, velocity, and frequency of collisions.
Highlight: The final form of the kinetic gas equation, PV = 1/3 NmC_RMS^2, emerges from considering the average behavior of many particles in three dimensions.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_1.webp&w=2048&q=75)
Register
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Join milions of students
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page introduces the First Law of Thermodynamics and explores the properties of ideal gases. It also covers experimental methods for measuring specific latent heat.
Definition: The First Law of Thermodynamics states that Q = ΔU + W, where Q is heat added to the system, ΔU is the change in internal energy, and W is work done by the system.
The page covers:
Example: A practical setup for measuring specific latent heat of vaporization is described, using an electric heater and a balance to measure mass loss.
Highlight: The ideal gas model assumes molecules are far apart and have negligible intermolecular forces except during collisions.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_2.webp&w=2048&q=75)
Register
Access to all documents
Join milions of students
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page introduces the fundamental equation Q = mcΔT for calculating heat energy transfer and temperature changes. It explains the concept of specific heat capacity and its application in various scenarios.
Definition: Specific heat capacity is the energy required to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K or 1°C.
The page covers:
Example: Water has a specific heat capacity of 4200 J/kg/K, while copper has 390 J/kg/K, illustrating why water requires more energy to heat up.
Highlight: The concept of heat capacity (not specific) is introduced, which is the energy required to change the temperature of an entire object by 1 K or 1°C.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_3.webp&w=2048&q=75)
Register
Access to all documents
Join milions of students
Improve your grades
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Thermal Physics A Level covers essential concepts for understanding heat transfer, energy changes, and gas behavior.
Key points include:
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_4.webp&w=2048&q=75)
Register
Access to all documents
Join milions of students
Improve your grades
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page expands on the ideal gas laws and introduces the kinetic theory of gases. It covers the relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature for ideal gases.
Vocabulary: The mole is a unit of measurement equal to 6.022 x 10^23 particles (Avogadro's number).
The page covers:
Example: The root mean square (RMS) speed of gas molecules is introduced as a key concept in the kinetic gas equation.
Highlight: The kinetic gas equation PV = 1/3 NmC_RMS^2 relates macroscopic properties of gases to the microscopic motion of particles.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_5.webp&w=2048&q=75)
Register
Access to all documents
Join milions of students
Improve your grades
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page delves into the concept of specific latent heat and its relationship to phase changes. It also introduces the idea of internal energy in thermodynamic systems.
Vocabulary: Specific latent heat is the energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature.
The page covers:
Example: The process of cooling by evaporation is explained, showing how faster molecules escape from a liquid, lowering the average kinetic energy and thus the temperature of the remaining liquid.
Highlight: Internal energy is defined as the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all particles in a system.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_6.webp&w=2048&q=75)
Register
Access to all documents
Join milions of students
Improve your grades
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Physics - AQA A Level Physics 2 Particle Physics
Revision notes covering particle physics and completed exam practise questions.
11
261
1
Physics - The WHOLE of A Level Physics AQA(relevant for other boards)
These are the notes that I made for my 2023 A-level physics exams, Here is the link to the notion if you want to use them as I did by using the drop-down menus kind of like flashcards: https://www.notion.so/Physics-Revision-AQA-A-Level-a87264d9f28c4302b
179
2078
1
Physics - Nuclear Radiation Notes
notes I took for revision. sums up all content in the chapter
7
189
0
Physics - Particles & Radiation A level Physics AQA
Revision Notes for AQA Particles & Radiation A level Physics (for year 12 & year 13)
13
386
0
Physics - Particle Physics notes A/S PHYSICS UNIT 1
these are my physics revision notes for particle physics. all information confirmed correct from lecturer. no misinformation.
7
246
1
Average app rating
Pupils love Knowunity
In education app charts in 11 countries
Students have uploaded notes
iOS User
Philip, iOS User
Lena, iOS user
